Contemporary World: International Relations

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Contemporary World International Relations
Organisations

• ?5?? ??????
• ????vs.????
• Unit 5 Theories of International Relations
  Liberalism vs. Realism
• Lecturer Dr. Kao Pei-Shan

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• ????????
• (Topics in Contemporary World)
• ????(International Cooperation) vs.
• ????(International Conflicts)
• ????(Free Trade Issues) vs.
• ????(Trade Disputes)
• ????(Interdependence) vs.
• ????(Balance of Power)
• ????(Absolute Gains) vs.
• ????(Relative Gains)
• ????(Liberalism) vs.????(Realism)

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1.????(International Cooperation) vs.
????(International Conflicts) Example of
International Cooperation (1)
1999 Taiwan Earthquake
2007 Peru Earthquake
Source Japan International Cooperation Agency,
http//www.jica.go.jp/english/resources/field/
2007/sep12_01.html, consulted in September,
2007.
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• Japan International Cooperation Agency
• (JICA???????)
• The JICA is founded in 1974 as a bridge between
  the people of Japan and developing countries.
• It aims to advance international cooperation
  through the sharing of knowledge and experience
  and will work to build a more peaceful and
  prosperous world . Its headquarter is in Tokyo.
• Current Projects in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia,
  Bolivia, Angola, Chad, Central America, Kenya,
  Indonesia and Iran, ect.

Example of International Cooperation (2)
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• International Crisis Group (ICG ??????)
• It is an independent, non-profit,
  non-governmental organisation established in
  1995, with some 140 staff members on five
  continents, working to prevent conflict
  worldwide.
• (?????????1995???????????????????????140?)
• Its headquarter is in Brussels. It currently
  covers nearly 60 areas of actual or potential
  conflict across four continents. For instance,
  in Africa, Asia, Europe, in Latin America.
• (????????????????? ????4??61???)

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Capital from 21 countries(40) 13 charity
foundations (30)and some personal and
enterprises donations(30)
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Cases of International Conflicts ? ?
? Source International Crisis Group,
http//www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm,
consulted in September 2007. 1999
Belgrade Bombing ? Source BBC News,
http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/591916.stm
, consulted in September 2007.
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2.????(Free Trade) vs. ????(Trade
Conflicts)
Source The European Free Trade Association
(EFTA), http//secretariat.efta.int/Web/Events/con
ference_geneva2006/, consulted in September
2007.
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Cases of Trade Conflicts
? Costa Ricans protest against Free Trade
Agreement negotiations with the USA in San Jose,
Costa Rica, Oct 20, 2003. Source
http//www.dismalworld.com/im/protests/costa-rican
s-protest-against-free-trade.jpg, consulted in
September 2007.
Free Trade is not Fair Trade- March against Free
Trade in La Paz, Bolivia, Sep 20, 2005. Source
http//www.nickbuxton.info/photos/campaigning/mani
flapaz_027.html, consulted in September 2007.
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• 3. Interdependence (???? )vs.
• Balance of Power (????)
• Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye
• (?????????????????)
• Interdependence mutual dependence
• interconnectedness merely interactions which
  do not have significant costly effects
•  
• dependence a state of being determined or
  significantly affected by external forces.
• Interdependence ? dependence nor
  
• interconnectedness
•  

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• Balance of Power (????)
• A Doctrine of Equilibrium (????)
• ?????????,??????????????????????????,?????????????
  ???????
• Example 1 Cross-Strait Relations
• (??????)
• Example 2 Soviet-US Relations in the Cold-War
  Period (???????????)
• Mutually Assured Destruction (???????????)

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4. ???? vs. ???? Absolute Gains vs.
Relative Gains
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???? vs. ???? Liberalism vs.
Realism Neoliberalism-derived from Liberalism,
scholars such as Robert Keohane, Joseph Nye
devoted their work to this approach.
(???????????????????) Neorealism-developed
from Realism, Kenneth Waltz is the representative
of this approach. (??????????????)
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????? (NeoLiberalism)
Believe human beings are basically GOOD.
(?????????????????? The important role played
by international organisations-international
conflicts can be decreased by them. (????????????,
??????????????,??????????????????) Compared with
Neorealism, for neoliberals, absolute gains are
acceptable. (???????,?????????????????????????
) Principle of Reciprocity. (????????????????,??
???????????????????,??????????????????,???????????
??????? )
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?????(Neorealism)
Human beings and states are rational
self-interest international conflicts cant be
avoided. ???? ??????????????????,?????????????????
????????????????????? States are
interest-maximiser. ????????,????????????????
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Class Discussion 4

• Do you support the ideas of LIBERALISM or
  REALISM? That is to say, do you think human
  beings or countries are being GOOD or they are
  just SELF-INTEREST, and INTEREST-MAXIMISERS?
• Discuss with your friends and express your views
  and opinions.