Health and wellness

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Health and wellness

• Sajida Mazhar

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Health

• is level of functional or metabolic efficiency
  of a living being.
• general condition of a person's mind and body,
  usually meaning to be free from illness, injury
  or pain
• (as in "good health" or "healthy").
• Word health drive from old English term hal
  meaning sound or whole.
• Webster dictionary define as the state of being
  healthy happy and prosperous

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• The World Health Organization (WHO)
• defined health in 1946 as
• "a state of complete physical, mental, and social
  well-being and not merely the absence of disease
  or infirmity.
• definition has been subject to controversy
• Why?
• the word "complete?????questions

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Classification systems

• Classification systems such as WHO Family of
  International Classifications, including
• International Classification of Functioning,
  Disability and Health (ICF) and
• International Classification of Diseases (ICD),
  are commonly used to define and measure the
  components of health.

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Aims of health care providers

• Systematic activities to prevent or cure health
  problems and
• promote good health in humans are undertaken by
  health care providers.

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• term "healthy" is also widely used
• healthy communities
• healthy cities
• healthy environments.

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• great importance for health status and quality of
  life.
• It is increasingly recognized that health is
  maintained and improved
• not only through the advancement and application
  of health science,
• but also through the efforts and intelligent
  lifestyle
• choices of the individual and society.

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• ( WHO) main determinants of health include
• social and economic environment,
• the physical environment,
• the person's individual characteristics and
  behaviors.6

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determinants of health

• key factors (if people are healthy or unhealthy
  include)
• Income and social status
• Social support networks
• Education and literacy
• Employment/working conditions
• Social environments
• Physical environments
• Personal health practices and coping skills
• Healthy child development
• Biology and genetics
• Health care services
• Gender
• Culture

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3 interdependent fields as key determinants of an
individual's health.

• Lifestyle
• aggregation of personal decisions (i.e., over
  which individual has control) that can be said
  to contribute to, or cause, illness or death
• Environmental
• all matters related to health external to human
  body and over which the individual has little or
  no control
• Biomedical
• all aspects of health, physical and mental,
  developed within human body as influenced by
  genetic make-up.

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Prevention Practice A Holistic Perspective for
Physical Therapy
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• Health
• Wellness
• Dimension of Wellness
• Model of Wellness
• Quality of Life
• Holistic Health
• Risk Reduction
• The Physical Therapists Role in Promoting Health
  and Wellness

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• Preventive practice is holistic practice of
  medicine that encompasses care of the individual
  in the context of that persons home , work, and
  community.
• The impact of prevention practice influences not
  only the individual but also influences the
  society.
• As a member of the health care team physical
  therapist play a key role in identifying risk
  factors for poor health and promoting wellness
  through various strategies including screening ,
  health education to encourage self responsibility
  and awareness of risk factors and promoting
  healthy style behaviors.

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Optimal Health

• A balance of physical, mental and social health.
• Life style changes promoting health can be
  facilitated through a combination of effort that
  are
• Enhance self awareness and knowledge of health
  habits
• Change behavior that interfere with good health
• Create environments that support good health
  practice.

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Poor Health

• Poor health may include physical ailments causing
  acute or chronic disabilities as well as mental
  issue that limit independent functioning.

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Wellness

• Wellness often used synonymously with health
• National wellness institute define as wellness
  is an active process of becoming aware of and
  making choice decision toward more successful
  existence.
• In other words wellness is active life long
  process of becoming aware of choice and making
  decisions to ward a more balanced and fulfilling
  life.
• Wellness integrates mental, social, occupational
  , emotional, spiritual and physical dimension of
  ones life and reflects how one feels about life
  as well as ones ability to function effectively.

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Dimensions of Wellness

• According to system theory of wellness the
  multiple dimensions of wellness are essential
  sub elements of a larger system , yet these
  dimensions function independently as their own
  sub element.
• When one dimension is disrupted other dimension
  of wellness reciprocally interrelated to that
  dimension are also disrupted.

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• Corbin, Lindsey and Welk Educators ---Exercise
  and Health Promotion
• Physical, Spiritual, Social, Psychological,
  Emotional, Intellectual Wellness

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Wellness Description
Physical ve perception and expectation of health , include ability to effectively meet daily demands
Spiritual Unifying force b/w body and mind. SW includes person ability to establish values and act on a system of beliefs as to establish and carry out meaningful and constructed life time goals.
Social Perception of having support available from family or friends in time of need. Also include persons ability to interact with others and to establish meaning full relation that enhance quality of life
Psychological General perception that one will experience positive out comes to event s and circumstances in life. Positive attitude ?optimism ?hope is vital in preventive medicine
Emotional Progression of secure self identity and positive sense of self regard. Ability to coupe with daily circumstances and to deal with personal feeling in a positive , optimistic and constructive manner.
Intellectual Perception of being internally energized by an optimal amount of intellectually stimulating activity. Ability person ability to learn and to use information to enhance the quality of daily living and optimal functioning.
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• Howard Clinebell , a Theologian offers an even
  more Comprehensive Perspective of Wellness with
  his Seven Dimension of Wellness.
• Spiritual , Mental , Physical, Relation ship,
  Work well being , Play well being, Well being of
  our world.

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Wellness Description
Spiritual Well-being Healthy religious beliefs, practice, values and institutions that energize and enrich all aspects of our lives.
Mental Well-being Represents the profound interdependence of mind and body that manifests itself in our mental and physical health. Mental well being incorporates problem solving , creativity, clarity in thinking , service and productivity .
Physical Well-being Reflect body health. Physical well being is evidenced by the ability to experience sensations with out pain , to effectively function with adequate energy, to be responsible for self care and to nurtures others.
Relation ship Well-being Our healing and general wellness. Need for nurturing and love for giving and receiving for empowering others and for creating inter personal bonds. On large scale peace full coexistence with others
Work Well-being Satisfies the thirst for purpose. Or need for fulfilling a purpose in ones vocation. Self worth, satisfaction , and personal fulfillment are all related to the individual ability to serve the community in a meaning full way.
Play Well-being Play provide with laughter , cheer , energy balance.
Well-being of our world Individuals prospective on living in a healthy environment and protecting natural resources. Justice , an earth caring life style, a desire of well being for all , adequate health care , dependence on others in community , political participation
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Models of Wellness

• models of wellness offer insight for management
  of illness and preventive practice.
• In 1972 john W. Travis developed continuum of
  wellness illustrating impact of wellness on
  health and premature death.

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PREMATURE DEATH

HIGH LEVEL OF WELLNESS -----------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------disability
symptoms sign p
awareness education growth


neutral point
( no
discernible illness or wellness)

• Wellness Grid Priorities For Your Well Being

Well Being Highest Priority Second Priority Third Priority
Spiritual Well-being
Mental Well-being
Physical Well-being
Relation ship Well-being
Work Well-being
Play Well-being
Well-being of our world
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Ardells model of wellness (1977).(Adapted from
Ardell d.14 days to wellness the easy,
effective , and fun way to optimum health.
Newyork,ny new world library 1999.)
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Ardells model of wellness (1986).(Adapted from
ardell d.14 days to wellness the easy,
effective , and fun way to optimum health.
Newyork,nynew world library 1999.)
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Ardells model in three domains. (Adapted from
Ardell d.14 days to wellness the easy,
effective , and fun way to optimum health.
Newyork,nynew world library 1999.)
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Comparing Holistic Medicine and
Conventional Medicine
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Holistic Medicine Conventional Medicine
Philosophy Based on allopathic , osteopathic , naturopathic, energy and ethno medicine Based on allopathic medicine
Primary objective of care To promote optimal health To prevent and treat disease To cure or reduce pathology
Diagnosis Medical history , physical exam, lab data , holistic health care sheet. Medical history , physical exam, lab data
Primary method of care Empowering patients to heal them selves through health promotions and life style changes Eliminate sign and symptoms
Primary care treatment option Diet, exercise , environmental measures, attitudinal and behavioral modifications, relation ship and spiritual counseling. Medication and surgery
Secondary care treatment options Botanical (herbal) medicine, homeopathy, acupuncture , manual medicine, bimolecular therapies, physical therapy, medication and surgery. Diet exercise , physical therapy and stress management
Weaknesses Shortage of holistic physicians and training time intensive , requiring a commitment to healing process, not a quick fix. Ineffective in preventing and curing chronic disease expensive
Strengths Teaches patients to take responsibility for their own health and in doing so it is cost effective in treating both acute chronic illness , therapeutic in preventing and treating chronic disease and essential in creating optimal health Highly therapeutic in treating both acute and life threatening illness and injuries.
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Quality of life

• Ability to lead a normal life to the fulfillment
  of personal goals and self actualization.
• According to world health organization quality of
  life is the individuals perception of their
  position in life in context of the cultural and
  value systems in which they live and in relation
  to their goals , expectations, standards and
  concerns

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Quality of life

• Quality of life measures emphasize health
  profiles as describe by one assessment called
  SF-36.
• The SF-36 assesses eight health concepts
• Limitation in physical activities because of
  health problems
• Limitation in social activities because of
  physical or emotional problems.
• Limitation in usual role activities because of
  physical health problem.
• Bodily pain
• General mental health ( psychological distress
  and well being )
• Limitation in usual role activities because of
  emotional problems
• Vitality ( energy and fatigue )
• General health perception

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HOLISTIC HEALTH

• The philosophy of holistic health care is
  compatible with medicine designed to restore
  health and wellness.
• The health care providers comprehensive role in
  health care requires a holistic prospective of
  the individual seeking care.
• This holistic prospective looks beyond physical
  functioning of individual and recognize the
  importance of multiple factors contributing to
  good health and optimal wellness , emphasizing
  the unity of mind , spirit and body.
• According to American holistic health association
  ,this expanded perspective of holistic care
  considers the whole person and the whole
  situation.
• The characteristic of holistic medicine that
  apply to wellness practice incorporate
  recognizing the interdependent parts of whole
  being , including the physical, mental ,
  emotional and spiritual aspects of the individual.

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HOLISTIC HEALTH

• This recognition of multiple factors influencing
  health and wellness leads to following
• Identifying and managing root causes of disease
  processes.
• Empowering the individual to manage these
  pathological processes.
• Providing a comprehensive perspective of the
  individual in multiple social roles.

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Risk Reduction

• Identification of population at risk for
  developing physical and mental health problems
  help curtail the number of peoples whose quality
  of life is diminished by preventing pathology.
• Many pathological conditions are genetic but
  still some conditions are preventable.
• Knowing the population at risk for a particular
  disease allows health care providers to target
  health promotion education and screening program
  to populations at the greatest risk for illness.
• One key to achieving wellness is developing an
  awareness of how to achieve a balance among the
  various dimension affecting health and well
  being.
• Population that are susceptible to illness or
  injury are in particular need of this awareness ,
  accomplished through appropriate education and
  guidance.

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Risk Reduction

• Risk factor that may predispose an individual to
  diminished well being and health problems include
  physical risk factors poor nutrition ,physical
  inactivity, poor physical environment and
  substance abuse psychological, spiritual and
  social risk factors low self-esteem and lacking
  values and a direction in ones life plan and
  environmental risk factors persons, things or
  conditions that negatively influence other
  dimensions.
• By identifying and addressing these risk factors,
  the health professional can reduce the incidence
  of injury and illness

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The Physical Therapist Role in Promoting Health
and Wellness

• Physical therapist are beginning to play major
  roles as prevention practitioners in health care.
• While physical therapist have traditionally been
  involved in the management of physical impairment
  and functional limitation associated with an
  individuals medical problems
• Their current role encompasses identifying risk
  factors and developing health promotion
  strategies that significantly affect health
  ,fitness and wellness.
• Physical therapist are uniquely prepared to apply
  their extensive knowledge for improving or
  adopting movements and motor task for more
  independent functions.
• In addition physical therapist are experts in
  examining and evaluating the motor capability ,
  goals and functional limitations of individual
  with musculoskeletal , neurological
  ,cardiopulmonary ,integumentary , and other body
  system impairments

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• Knowledge that spans the spectrum of optimizing
  health and managing illness enables therapist to
  design customized exercises that address
  potential medical complications that may arise in
  population at risk.
• A key role of health care management is directing
  clients energies toward improving capabilities
  for functional independence maintaining optimal
  health and fulfilling important role in their
  lives.
• The physical therapist determine an individuals
  functional capabilities by examining the
  requisite motor skills and behaviors needed to
  perform task relevant to that individuals role
  in society .
• In one case a physical therapists may help an
  elite athlete prepare for an Olympic event
  ensuring that the training schedule for the
  athlete promotes optimal performance and prevent
  injuries.
• PT may evaluate an older patient requisite
  abilities for resuming multiple roles on home, In
  social circles and in community..function in this
  respect comprises not only the physical
  capabilities of the individual but also include
  the psychosocial environment and well being of
  individual.
• Social support can contribute significantly to
  individual wellbeing..this well being in turn
  leads to the individuals ability to develop a
  personal sense of meaningful living.

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• According to the Guide To Physical Therapist
  Practice physical therapist restore, maintain ,
  and promote not only optimal physical function
  but optimal wellness and fitness and optimal
  quality of life as it relates to movement and
  health.
• The practice of physical therapy encompasses the
  full spectrum of health and wellness that
  includes preventing disease and illness as well
  as optimizing health.
• Physical therapist play key role in providing
  education , guidance , consultation, and direct
  intervention to enable individual to maintain
  physical activity of self care, mobility ,
  leisure skills , work and play.

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• Impairment
• Any loss or abnormality of psychological,
  physiological, or anatomocal structure of
  function
• Disability
• Any restriction or lack (resulting from the
  impairment) of ability to perform any activity in
  a manner or within the range considered normal
  for a human being.
• Handicap
• A disadvantage for a given individual, resulting
  from an impairment or a disability, that limits
  or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is
  normal for this individual.