MENTORING

1
MENTORING

• The essence of Mentoring
• at
• Zeta Delta Chapter-at-Large
• ONA
• Pam Di Vito-Thomas, MS, RN
• Region 2 Mentoring Committee

2
The essence of Mentoring

• Program Objectives
• Compare and contrast current definitions of
• mentoring.
• Recognize the process, stages, and
• functions of mentoring.
• Explore the concept of Barmentoring in nursing
  practice.
• Describe the essence of mentoring for Zeta
  Delta
• Chapter-at-Large ONA.

3
Mentoring and the Purposes of Sigma Theta Tau
International

• Recognize superior achievement.
• Recognize the development of
• leadership qualities.
• Foster high professional standards.
• Encourage creative work.
• Strengthen commitment to the
• ideals and purposes of the
• profession.

4
Historical Review of Mentoring

• Mentor was the trusted friend of
• Odysseus and guide to his son, Telemacus
• Athena appears as Mentor to Hercules
• In ancient Taoism the principles of mentoring
• were based on insights into human living,
  
• leadership, succession, teaching and
  learning,
• giving and receiving wisdom in all
  relationships
• (Huang Lynch, 1995)

5
Definitions of Mentoring in Research
6
Mentoring occurs when a senior person (the
mentor) in terms of age and experience undertakes
to provide information, advise, and emotional
support for a junior person (the protégé) in a
relationship lasting over an extended period of
time and marked by substantial emotional
commitment by both parties. If the opportunity
presents itself, the mentor uses both formal and
informal forms of influence to further the career
of the protégé.
Bowen, 1985
7
Mentoring was a method for helping people grow
to compensate in a supportive environment.
Muller-Smith,
1998
8
Mentoring is a nursing role.
Parker, 1998
9
Mentoring relationships help to promote the
individuals growth and development.
Belcher Sibbald, 1998
10
The qualities of a mentoring relationship include
modeling, supporting, envisioning, and investing.
Cuesta, Bloom,
1998.
11
Mentoring may be the most important developmental
tool for the progression of a professional in
training Galicia, Kilma,
Date, 1998
12
There is a lack of agreement concerning the
definition of mentoring which is a major
research obstacle. Hall, 1997
13
Is there a lack of agreementamong the
definitions of mentoring in nursing research?

• Is there a consensus among the definitions of
  mentoringing in nursing research?

14
Characteristics of Mentors Washington (1997)

• Possess and share the following attributes in a
  nurturing way
• Willingness to share knowledge in a
• competent and honest manner
• Give positive and negative feedback
• Allow individuals to grow and develop
• Giving advise
• Guiding the novice through professional work
  issues.

15
Purposes for Mentoring Rankin, 1991

• Developing career
• path
• Providing information
• Easing transitions
• Increasing confidence
• Providing resources
• Stimulating ideas
• Developing skills and
• knowledge

• Strengthening ones
• profession
• Decreasing stress
• Establishing networks
• Enhancing a sense of
• security
• Creating opportunity
• Enhancing
• collaborative efforts

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Process of Mentoring Gailbraith, 1988

• Mutual goal setting - establish acceptable goals
  
• for action
• Decision-making - seeking guidance for growth
• and confidence
• Promotion of self-evaluation - move toward
• independence, access other professionals
• Growth level - new information and experiences
• Adult level - increased responsibility and
• accountability
• Peer group - becoming a mentor for others

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Stages of Mentoring Rankin, 1991

• Exploration - establish purposeful
• relationship
• Initiation - purpose, parameters,
• imitations, goals
• Early Development - with mentor on
• specific assignments
• Working - promotion of the protégé
• Closure - purposes have been achieved

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Mentoring Functions Kram, 1985

• Career
• Sponsorship
• Exposure and
• visibility
• Coaching
• Protection
• Challenging
• assignments

• Psychological
• Role modeling
• Friendship
• Counseling
• Acceptance
• Confirmation

19
Benefits of Mentoring Vance Olson, 1998

• Career success and advancement
• Personal and professional satisfaction
• Enhanced self-esteem and confidence
• Preparation for leadership roles and success
• Strengthening of the profession

20
Types of MentorsCooper, 1990 Darling, 1985
Vance Olsen, 1998

• Good Mentors
• Traditional - counsel and advise
• Step Ahead - political guidance and task
• accomplishment within the organization
• Co-mentor (peer-mentor) - mutual support
• and guidance
• Group mentor - an entire organization, ,
• association, school group, or community
• engages in various mentoring activities

21
Types of Mentors Darling, 1985

• Not So Good
• Avoider - never to be found
• Dumper - leaves protégé to sink or swim
• Blocker - denies access
• Destroyer - criticizes

22
Barmentoring Di Vito-Thomas, P. (1998).
23
Barmentoring

• Barmentoring is conceptualized from the Greek
  word Barnabus which is translated as son of
  encouragement. The word encouragement is
  translated from the Greek word paraklesis, and is
  interpreted as a calling to ones side,
  exhortations, appeal, request, comfort, and
  consolidation.

24
Barmentoring

• Encouragement is described as the fulcrum that
  maintains the balance between the dual purposes
  of the Barmentoring Relationship.
• To promote constructive professional
• relationships.
• To promote security in role transition and
• progression in clinical nursing practice

25
BarmentoringEncouraging Behaviors

• Language of
• encouragement
• Listening
• Open
• Reassuring
• Praise for doing a
• good job
• Constructive criticism

• Set goals
• Helpful suggestions
• Told to learn from
• mistakes
• Knowledgeable
• Taught at protégés
• level of understanding

26
BarmentoringThe leadership gained from the
developmental refinement of the mentor/protégé
relationship is a key to acting and thinking as a
professional in nursing practice. Nevertheless,
ENCOURAGE ONE ANOTHER
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Self Evaluation Mentoring Scale TBA

• Not so good ___________
• Pretty good ___________
• Good ___________
• Very good ___________
• As good as it gets ___________

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The Description of Mentoring for Zeta Delta
Chapter-at-Large ONA

• Select significant statements from your
• group. Remember each statement has
• equal value.
• Make meaning of the statements.
• Cluster the meanings into themes.
• Consider the themes.
• Write a brief description of the essence
• of the mentoring experience for your
• group.

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Group Descriptions ofMentoringIt gets very
good