Ultrasound in Medicine

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Ultrasound in Medicine

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References

• Physical Principles of Medical Ultrasonics
• C.R.Hill, J.C.Bamber, G. R. ter Haar John
  Wiley Sons, 2004
• Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging and Blood Flow
  Measurements
• K. Kirk Shung Taylor Francis 2006
• Ultrasound in Medicine Edited by F.A.
  Duck, A.C. Baker, H.C.Starritt Institute of
  Physics Publishing 1997
• Principles of Medical Imaging K.K.Shung,
  M.B.Smith, B.M.W. Tsui Academic Press 1992

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References

• Biomedical Ultrasonics P.N.T. Wells
  Academic Press 1977-
• Ultrasonic Instrumentation D.A. Christensen
  John Wiley 1988
• Doppler Ultrasound Principles and Instruments
  F.W. Kremkau 1995

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CHAPTER 1 Introduction

• 1.1 Historical Background
• 1.2 Physical Nature of Acoustic Wave Motion
• 1.3 Properties of Isotropic Media
• 1.4 Equations Governing Wave Propagation in
  Fluids
• 1.5 Propagation in Liquid and Solid Media
• 1.6 Impedance, Energy Density, Intensity and
  Radiation Pressure
• 1.7 Reflection and Refraction
• 1.8 Elements of Diffraction
• 1.9 Attenuation, Absorption, Scattering and
  Dispersion

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CHAPTER 2 Theoretical Basis for Field
Calculations

• 2.1 The Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Diffraction Equations
• 2.2 The Rayleigh Integral
• 2.3 Angular Spectrum Method

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CHAPTER 3 Field Profile Analysis

• 3.1 Angular Spectrum Method
• 3.2 Integral Methods
• 3.3 Impulse Response Method
• 3.4 Approximate Methods
• 3.5 Concave and Convex Transducers
• 3.6 Annular Ring, Annulus and Conical Transducers
• 3.7 Line, Strip, Triangular and Rectangular
  Elements
• 3.8 Transducer Apodization
• 3.9 Effects of Attenuation

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CHAPTER 4Nonlinear Ultrasonics

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Lagrange and Eulerain Coordinate Systems
• 4.3 High Amplitude 1-D Waves in an Inviscid
  Medium
• 4.4 Speed of Sound for Adiabatic Conditions
• 4.5 Reduced Equations
• 4.6 Sinusoidal Excitation
• 4.7 Harmonic Content
• 4.8 Shock Wave Formation
• 4.9 Effects of Nonlinearity, Diffraction and
  Attenuation
• 4.10 Numerical Methods and Results

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CHAPTER 5 Scattering of Ultrasound

• 5.1 Spherical and Cylindrical Representations of
  a Plane Wave
• 5.2 Scattering Cross-Sections
• 5.3 Exact Analysis Boundary Value Method
• 5.4 Integral Equation Methods
• 5.5 Matrix Methods
• 5.6 Time Domain Scattering Equations
• 5.7 Pulse-Echo Response
• 5.8 One-Dimensional Scattering
• 5.9 Scattering by Distributions

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CHAPTER 6Ultrasound Transducers

• 6.1 The Direct and Inverse Piezoelectric Effect
• 6.2 Characteristic Piezoelectric Equations
• 6.3 Ceramic and Polymer Materials
• 6.4 Methods for Enhancing the Performance
• 6.5 One-Dimensional Transducer Models
• 6.6 Application of the KLM Model
• 6.7 Transient Response
• 6.8 Protection Circuits
• 6.9 Noise Considerations

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CHAPTER 7 Ultrasound Imaging I

• 7.1 Historical Background
• 7.2 Properties of Imaging Arrays
• 7.3 Arrays for 2- and 3-D Imaging
• 7.4 Summary of Design Factors
• 7.5 Array Field Synthesis

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CHAPTER 8 Ultrasound Imaging II

• 8.1 Theory of B-Mode Imaging
• 8.2 Image Speckle
• 8.3 Resolution, Contrast and SNR in Imaging
  Systems
• 8.4 Coded Transmission Systems
• 8.5 Synthetic Aperture Systems
• 8.6 Nonlinear Imaging
• 8.7 Ultrasound Computed Tomography
• 8.8 Ultrasound Elastography
• 8.9 Ultrasound Microscopy and Biomicroscopy

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CHAPTER 9 Principles of Doppler Ultrasound

• 9.1 Historical Background
• 9.2 Ultrasonic Transit-Time and Phase-Delay
  Method
• 9.3 Doppler Equation for Moving Scatterers
• 9.4 CW Doppler Systems
• 9.5 CW Doppler Spectrum and its Relation to Flow
  Profile
• 9.6 Characteristics of the Doppler Signal
• 9.7 CW Spectral Broadening

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CHAPTER 10 Pulsed Methods for Flow Velocity
Estimation and Imaging

• 10.1 Historical Background
• 10.2 Ultrasonic Transit-Time and Phase-Delay
  Method
• 10.3 Simplified Theory
• 10.4 Cross-Correlation Time-Shift Methods
• 10.5 Multigate Pulsed Methods
• 10.6 CW and Pulsed Wave Flow Imaging
• 10.7 Pulsed Wave Color Flow Imaging
• 10.8 Volumetric Flow Measurement Methods
• 10.9 Vector Velocity Methods

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CHAPTER 11 High Power Ultrasound
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Some Related Journals

• IEEE Transaction on Ultrasound, Ferroelectric and
  Frequency control
• Ultrasonics
• Journal of Acoustic Society of America
• Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
• Ultrasonic Imaging
• European Journal of Ultrasound

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