Abdi Issak

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Kingdom Anamalia PhylumArthropoda

• Abdi Issak
• Finnbar Martin
• Valon Daka

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Types of Arthropod

• There are three main groups of Arthropods
• Arachnids Insects with 8 legs
• Crustacean Free living aquatic animals
• Myriapoda Creatures with many legs up to 375
  pairs. (750 legs)

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Anatomy

• Arthropods have jointed legs, head and segment
  body, otherwise known as the thorax. Their bodies
  are covered with a hard shell or a hard outer
  skin called exoskeleton. With crustaceans the
  exoskeleton is known as the carapace and hides
  the body parts.

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Physiology

• Arthropod physiology for breathing has thankfully
  restricted the maximum size they can achieve. As
  has their reliance on their exoskeleton which
  cannot support the weight of an animal beyond a
  fairly small size. Although some arthropods are
  large. The arthropods bloodstream is open. The
  coelom is much small and most of the spaces
  inside its body are body cavities.

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Locomotion

• The walk of an arthropod walk is made up of a
  propulsive backstroke, and the recovery forward
  stoke. While it uses its remoter, the foot is in
  contact with the substrate, and during the
  promoter it is raised. The promotor/remotor
  sequence is known as a step cycle.
• Arthropods move the same leg on each side of the
  body at the same time. This walking technique is
  less stable than out-of-phase walking, and is
  generally practiced by arthropods walking
  underwater

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Obtaining Food

• Arachnids
• They engage in many ways to obtain food. Some
  spiders trap their victims in silken webs and
  kill them with a poisonous bite. Others ambush
  their prey and overpower them with their strong
  legs before biting them.
• Scorpions use their claws to capture and kill
  prey, or else they kill them with a venomous
  sting. Sun spiders use lightning speed and their
  massive mouthparts to outrun and tear apart prey

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• Crustacean
• Some crustaceans like shrimp and Krill use filter
  feeding to obtain their foods. They feed by
  straining suspended matter and food particles
  from the water.
• Other crustaceans such as crabs and lobsters are
  scavengers and are predators. They use there
  claws to attack prey, crush them and then eat
  them.

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• Myriapoda
• The centipede (a type of Myriapoda) has a gland
  in its head that fills the fangs with poison. The
  centipede uses this poison to kill its prey.
• Centipedes have poor eyesight and detect prey by
  their movement and vibrations.
• Mostly centipedes will not eat any dead matter
  but some other Myriapods (like millipedes) will.
  

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Diet

• Arachnids
• Arachnids attack and kill small animals,
  especially insects and their relatives, and then
  feed on their body fluids. Since they cannot chew
  most arachnids must first digest their food
  outside their bodies.
• They pierce tissues with their mouthparts and
  inject them with digestive chemicals, turning
  them into fluids. The fluids are then sucked
  through the mouth and into the body.

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• Crustaceans
• Crabs which are a known type of Crustacean
  usually feed on algae but take in any food
  including other Crustaceans. For the most part
  mixed diet of plant and animal matter result in
  fastest growth of the Crustacean species.

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• Myriapoda
• Myriapods eat different types of food. Some are
  carnivores, which means they eat other
  mini-beasts. Others are herbivores, which means
  they eat plants.
• Centipedes are predators so they feed on other
  mini-beasts. They hunt at night and are poisonous
  to other animals.
• Millipedes eat dead plants and animals.
  Millipedes are useful because they help clear
  away rotting vegetation.

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Digestion

• Arachnids
• The digestive system is a tube that begins with
  the mouth, situated below the chelicerae, and
  leads into the pharynx, then into the esophagus,
  and from there into the sucking stomach, which
  has heavy muscles and serves to pump the
  partially digested food into the mid-gut, where
  special enzymes digest the food. 

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• Crustaceans
•  Digestion occurs in the foregut  which shows the
  greatest range of structure in some crustacean
  species it is a simple tube, but in crustacean's
  with 5 pairs of feet it reaches great
  complication in forming a structure called
  the gastric mills . This consists of a series of
  calcified plates, or small bone, that are moved
  against each other by powerful muscles, making an
  efficient grinding apparatus. The junction
  between the mill and the midgut is guarded by a
  filter.

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• Myriapoda
• The digestive system is a gut that runs from the
  mouth to the anus.
• The gut is lined with a protective outer covering
  called a chitin, that is shed every so often.

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Excretion

• Undigested food becomes solid waste
• It leaves the anus of the animal.
• Terrestrial arthropods remove nitrogen-containing
  wastes byusing a set of Malpighian tubules
• Found in the body sinusesremove waste from
  blood, concentrate them, and then add undigested
  food allowing it to leave through anusmay have
  small excretory glands at bases of legs.
• Aquatic arthropods remove nitrogen-containing
  wastes by...through a pair of green glands found
  by base of antennaeeliminated through a pair of
  opening on the head.

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Circulation

• Arthropods' primary internal cavity is
  a hemocoel, which accommodates their
  internal organs and through which
  their bloodcirculates they have open circulatory
  systems. Like their exteriors, the internal
  organs of arthropods are generally built of
  repeated segments. Their nervous system is
  "ladder-like", with paired ventral nerve
  cords running through all segments and forming
  paired ganglia in each segment. Their heads are
  formed by fusion of varying numbers of segments,
  and their brains are formed by fusion of the
  ganglia of these segments and encircle
  the esophagus

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Respiration

• Respiration in the arthropods occurs through
  microscopic holes in the exoskeleton and body
  wall. Branching networks called tracheae extend
  from these holes to all parts of an arthropod's
  body.

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Life Cycle

• Arthropods begin as eggs and can follow several
  different life cycles, depending on the group.
  Some insects hatch as miniature adults, while
  others hatch as nymphs and develop by stages into
  adults. Still others hatch as larvae and enter a
  resting stage as pupae, during which they may be
  enclosed in a cocoon and go through internal
  changes before emerging as adults. During their
  various developmental stages, known as
  metamorphosis, arthropods may shed their outer
  covering several times.http//videos.howstuffwork
  s.com/discovery/27695-assignment-discovery-arthrop
  od-locomotion-video.htm

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Bibliography

• http//serge.mallet.pagesperso-orange.fr/myriapoE.
  html
• http//www.learninghuddle.com/wildlife/miniBeasts/
  index.php/home/article/26
• http//www.biology-online.org/10/6_arthropods.htm
  
•  
• http//animals.jrank.org/pages/2264/Spiders-Scorpi
  ons-Mites-Ticks-Arachnida-DIET.html
• http//www.ehow.com/how-does_4586908_centipede-foo
  d.html
• http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/31791/ar
  achnid/47833/Digestion-and-nutrition
• http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/144848/c
  rustacean/33808/The-digestive-system
• http//www.slideshare.net/MrsTabor/arthropoda-myri
  apoda-1523824