Liquid Liquid Extraction

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Liquid Liquid Extraction

• Anam Saeed

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Counter current extraction using reflux
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Limiting reflux ratios

• As reflux increases number of plates require
  decreases.
• As minimum reflux value reached the number of
  plates require become infinite.
• The minimum reflux and number of plates require
  find in the same manner as in distillation

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Example with reflux

• For system such as aniline-heptane-methyl-cyclohex
  anethe ratio of MCH to heptane in the extract is
  modestly greater than raffinite, so, large number
  of stages are needed to achieve the desired
  purity. further the low solubility of both
  solutes in aniline would mean a very large flow
  rate of solvent. so we use reflux concept.

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Sulfolane Process
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• Sulfolane (also tetramethylene sulfone,is a
  clear, colorless liquid commonly used in the
  chemical industry as an extractive solvent.
  Sulfolane was originally developed by the Shell
  Oil Company in the 1960s as a solvent.
• Sulfolane is a compound, and it is readily
  soluble in water.
• Sulfolane solvent is widely used as an industrial
  solvent, especially in the extraction of aromatic
  hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon mixtures and to
  purify natural gas.

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Supercritical Fluid Extraction

• A supercritical fluid is any substance at a
  temperature and pressure above its critical
  point.
• It can diffuse through solids like a gas, and
  dissolve materials like a liquid.
• Supercritical fluids are suitable as a substitute
  for organic solvents in a range of industrial and
  laboratory processes.
• Examples Carbon dioxide and water are the most
  commonly used supercritical fluids

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Phase Equilibria
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