Installing and Upgrading Windows

1
Installing and Upgrading Windows

• Chapter 5 and 14

2
Overview

• In this chapter, you will learn to
• Identify and explain the basic functions and
  features of an operating system
• Install and upgrade Windows 2000 and Windows XP
• Troubleshoot installation problems

3
Functions of the Operating System
Historical/Conceptual
4
Functions of an Operating System

• Communicate with hardware
• Provide a user interface
• Provide a structure for access to applications
• Enable users to manipulate programs and data

5
Operating System Traits

• An OS works only with a particular type of
  processor
• An OS begins running as soon as the PC finishes
  its POST
• Application programs cannot run on a PC without
  an OS
• Programs use APIs (application programming
  interfaces)
• Flexibleallows use of new software and hardware

6
Operating System Traits

• Different OSs require different applications

Operating System Application
Mac OS X Microsoft Office 2004
Windows XP Microsoft Office 2006
Linux OpenOffice
7
Communicating with Hardware

• BIOS includes code that tells the computer how to
  talk to basic hardware
• The OS works with BIOS to talk to these devices
• When BIOS does not know how to talk to a piece of
  hardware, the OS talks directly to the device
• Most OSs use device drivers provided by the
  manufacturer (Bring Your Own BIOS) to interpret
  the language necessary to talk to a new device
• When theres a problem, the OS should provide
  error handling or at least error notification

8
Creating a User Interface

• A user interface needs to
• Show what applications are available
• Provide an easy way to access applications
• Provide a way to label and save the data
• Disappear and allow the application to take over
  the screen

Pick a shoe Pick an application
9
Organizing Programs and Data

• The OS needs to be able to organize and
  manipulate programs and data
• Provides name (or label) for each program and
  each piece of data
• Provides naming system for drives
• Allows users to store data and programs in
  organized fashion
• Allows users to manipulate data and programs

10
Essentials
CompTIA AEssentials
11
Operating System Interfaces

• Command-line interface
• Character-based or text-based
• Covered in Chapter 14
• Graphical user interface (GUI)
• Uses icons and pictures
• User interacts with OS by pointing and clicking
  with mouse

12
Todays Operating Systems

• Overview
• Microsoft Windows
• Apple Macintosh
• UNIX
• Linux

13
Microsoft Windows

• Corporate Users

• Home Users

• Windows NT 3.1
• Windows NT 4.0
• Windows 2000
• Windows XP Pro

• Windows 9x
• Windows 95
• Windows 98
• Windows Me
• XP Home
• XP Media

• Recently releasedWindows Vista
• Versions for corporate and home users

14
General Windows Features

• File systems
• Corporate used NTFS
• Home used FAT and FAT32
• Today both supported, but NTFS used for security
• Plug and Play
• Appeared with Windows 95
• Migrated to corporate side with Windows 2000

15
Windows NT 4.0, 2000 Pro, XP
16
Windows XP

• Ended the Windows 9x product line
• Windows XP Home
• Basic features for home users
• Windows XP Professional
• Advanced features include security for corporate
  users
• Windows XP Media Edition
• Advanced features for home users include ability
  to watch TV and movies

17
Windows Server Products

• Windows NT 4.0 Server
• Windows 2000 Server
• Windows 2003 Server

18
Apple Macintosh

• Used GUI long before Windows
• Proprietary computers
• Current OS is OS X
• Macs now run on Intel CPUs
• Uses BSDvariant of UNIX

19
UNIX

• Oldest, most powerful OS
• Many current OSs have concepts developed from
  UNIX
• Open sourceallows variants of OS

20
Linux

• UNIX-like OS written by Linus Torvalds
• Runs on Intel/AMD processors
• Free OS
• Source code also freely available
• Uses the GNU general public license (GPL)
• Linux and applications bundled as Linux
  distributions (distros)

21
Linux

• Distributions
• Fedora Core
• Debian
• Slackware
• Ubuntu
• SuSE

22
Installing and Upgrading Windows
23
Preparing for Installation or Upgrade

1. Identify hardware requirements
2. Verify hardware and software compatibility
3. Decide Clean install or upgrade?
4. Back up data
5. Select an install method
6. Identify partition and file systems to use
7. Determine computers network role
8. Decide on language and locale settings
9. Plan for post-installation tasks

24
Identify Hardware Requirements

• Core Resources
• CPU
• RAM
• Free hard disk space
• Miscellaneous
• Video adapter
• Display
• Storage devices

25
Verify Compatibility

• Hardware and software
• Use Windows Marketplace (formally known as
  Hardware Compatibility List)

26
Clean Install or Upgrade

• Clean install
• Usually done on empty hard disk
• All applications must be installed
• Upgrade
• New OS installs on top of the old one
• Many previous settings and capabilities retained
• Applications dont need to be reinstalled
• Multiboot
• Doing a clean install side by side with another
  OS
• Enables you to boot to more than one OS

27
Other Installation Methods

• When deploying many computers, automated methods
  used
• Imagecomplete copy of OS and applications
• Norton Ghost
• PowerQuests Drive Image
• Acroniss True Image
• Remote Installation Services (RIS)

28
Back Up Data

• If data saved to central server, this step can be
  skipped
• If data exists on local drive, it needs to be
  backed up
• Back up to network server, DVD, USB, hard drive,
  etc.
• Will need to restore data from this location
  after upgrade or reinstall

29
Select an Installation Method

• Two basic choices
• CD-ROM (A focus)
• Boot from CD and startinstallation
• Over the network (Network focus)

30
Determine Partition File System

• Partition
• Create when drive first created (or use
  third-party tools to repartition)
• If multiboot, use one partition for each OS
• File system
• Use NTFS whenever possiblesecurity features are
  valuable
• If older OSs need FAT or FAT32, use FAT or FAT32
  for their partition

31
Miscellaneous

• Network role
• Standalone, workgroup, or domain
• Environment determines choice
• Language and locale settings
• Languages and displays can be configured for
  different countries
• Post-installation tasks
• Install service packs, hotfixes, etc.
• Install updated drivers
• Install applications

32
Install or Upgrade

• Text mode
• End user license agreement (EULA)
• Partition hard disk
• Files copied to hard disk
• Graphical mode
• Enter product key
• Remaining installation completes
• Upgrade disks are typically cheaper
• Require OS to be already installed or separate
  disk used to verify upgrade disk can be used

33
Post-Installation Tasks

• Similar as required for clean install
• Identify installation problems
• Install patches, service packs, and updates
• Upgrade drivers
• Restore user data

34
Windows 2000 Professional

• Hardware Requirements

Component Minimum Recommended
CPU Pentium 133 MHZ Pentium II 350 MHZ
Memory 64 MB 128 MB
Hard Disk 2 GB with 650 MB free 6.4 GB with 2 GB free
Network None Modern NIC
Display VGA resolution SVGA resolution
Optical Not required unless installing from CD Not required unless installing from CD
35
Install Upgrade XP Pro

• Upgrade paths

Windows 98
Windows Me
Windows XP Pro
Windows NT 4.0SP5 or later
Windows 2000 Pro(including SPs)
Windows XP Home
36
XP Professional

• Hardware Requirements

Component Minimum Recommended
CPU Intel or AMD 233 MHZ Intel or AMD 300 MHZ
Memory 64 MB 256 MB
Hard Disk 1.5 GB available hard drive space 4 GB available hard drive space
Network None Modern NIC
Display DirectX version 8800 X 600 resolution DirectX version 8800 X 600 resolution
Optical Any CD or DVD drive Any CD or DVD drive
37
XP Pro Compatibility

• Upgrade Advisor
• First process that runs from setup.exe
• Provides list of devices and software known to
  have issues with XP
• Can be run by itself
• From Microsofts Web site
• Or winnt32 /checkupgradeonly
• On the installation CD or can be downloaded for
  free

38
XP Installation

• Bootable CD-ROM boots into setup
• May need to set boot order in BIOS
• Registrationoptional
• Activation
• Mandatory within 30 days
• Anti-piracy mechanism
• System disabled after 30 days if not activated
• Via Internet or phone

39
2000 and XP Upgrade Issues

• Can upgrade to 2000 Pro from 95 and 98 but not Me
• Some 9x applications wont run on 2000 and XP
• Third-party disk compression applications not
  supported on 2000/XP
• Third-party power management applications can
  cause problems with 2000/XP installation

40
Pre-Upgrade Steps

• Check compatibility
• Back up data and configuration files
• Perform spring cleaning
• Perform disk scan and defrag
• Uncompress all
• Perform virus scan and disable or remove
  virus-checking software
• Disable CMOS virus checking
• Be prepared to do clean install

41
2000/XP Clean Install

• Steps same for both
• Start by booting to CD-ROM
• Text mode
• Can partition drive in this mode
• Choose file system (usually NTFS)

42
2000/XP Clean Install

• Graphical mode
• Enter product key
• Good idea to write this on the CD

43
2000/XP Clean Install

• Configure computer name and administrator
  password
• Network settings

44
Automating the Install

• Scripted installation
• Setup Manager creates answer files
• Available on CD or can be downloaded
• Creates answer files for multiple OSs
• Fully automated or partially automated

45
Automating the Install

• Disk cloning problem
• Unique security identifier (SID) is not unique
  if cloned
• Solution
• GhostWalker or NewSID can be used to create new
  SID
• Sysprep sanitizes many unique settings on a
  computer such as SID

46
Troubleshooting Installation Problems
47
Text Mode Errors

• No boot device
• Either startup disk is bad, or CMOS not set to
  boot off CD-ROM first
• Windows Setup requires X amount of available
  drive space
• Check formatting and/or space of C drive
• Not ready error on optical drive
• Check the CD-ROM drive and disc
• BSOD
• Probably due to hardware incompatibility
• Check KB 165863

48
Graphical Mode Errors

• Hardware detection errors
• Could be hardware incompatibility
• If non-critical hardware, find and install
  correct drivers
• Cant read CAB files
• Check the CD-ROM for scratches
• Try copying i386 files onto hard drive
• Replace the CD-ROM

49
Lockups During Install

• Smart recovery, repair install
• Unplug system and restart
• Will automatically start where it left off
• Optical drive, hard drive
• Try another disc or another CD-ROM drive
• Log filestrack progress of install
• Setuplog.txt
• Setupapi.log