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Hazard Communication

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Title: Hazard Communication


1
Hazard Communication
  • MODULE 11

2
Purpose of OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard
  • ensure that employers and employees know about
    work hazards and how to protect themselves so
    that the incidence of illnesses and injuries due
    to hazardous chemicals is reduced.

Hazard Communication Program
Container Labeling
Material Safety Data Sheet
Label
3
Why should chemical hazards be communicated?
  • Exposure Risk About 32 million workers
    potentially exposed to chemical hazards
  • Profusion of Chemicals About 650,000 chemical
    products exist hundreds of new ones introduced
    annually
  • Health Effects May include heart ailments,
    central nervous system damage, kidney and lung
    damage, sterility, cancer, burns, and rashes
  • Safety Hazards Potential to cause fires,
    explosions, or other serious accidents

4
Concept of regulation
  • Employees have both a need and a right to know
    the hazards and identities of the chemicals they
    are exposed to when working.
  • They also need to know what protective measures
    are available to prevent adverse effects from
    occurring.

5
Who is covered?
  • General industry, shipyard, marine terminals,
    longshoring, and construction employers
  • Chemical manufacturers, importers, employers, and
    employees exposed to chemical hazards

6
Employer Responsibilities
  • A significant portion of the standard pertains
    only to chemical manufactures, importers, and
    distributors
  • Employers who do not produce chemicals only have
    to focus on
  • establishing a workplace program and
  • communicating information to their workers.
  • Appendix E provides guidelines

7
Employer Responsibilities
  • Inventory Identify and list hazardous chemicals
    in workplaces
  • MSDS Labeling Obtain Material Safety Data
    Sheets and labels for each hazardous chemical, if
    not provided by the manufacturer, importer, or
    distributor
  • Written Program Implement a written HazCom
    program, including labels, MSDS, and employee
    training
  • Communication Training Communicate hazard
    information to employees through labels, MSDSs,
    and formal training programs

8
Labeling Exemptions
  • Other federal agencies control labeling
    requirements for the following substances
  • Pesticides
  • Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance
    Control Act
  • Foods or food additives
  • Distilled spirits, tobacco
  • Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics
  • Hazardous wastes

9
How can workplace hazards be minimized?
  • Hazard Assessment The first step in minimizing
    workplace hazards is to perform a thorough hazard
    assessment
  • Manufacturer Evaluations Employers can rely on
    the manufacturers or importers evaluations of
    the hazards of the chemicals they use (from MSDS)

10
Why is a written program required?
  • Employer Program ensures that all employers
    receive the information they need to inform and
    train their employees
  • Employee Program provides necessary hazard
    information to employees

11
Employer Requirements-Written Program
  • Must cover at least
  • Labels and other forms of warnings
  • Material Safety Data Sheets
  • Employee Information and Training
  • List of chemicals present and MSDS for each
  • Methods used to inform employees of hazards of
    non-routine tasks
  • Hazards of chemicals in unlabeled pipes

12
Multi-Employer Workplaces
  • When other employers have employees onsite that
    may be exposed, program must include
  • Methods to provide contractor employees with
    on-site access to MSDS
  • Methods used to inform other employers of
    precautionary measures for normal and emergency
    situations
  • The employers chemical labeling system

13
Consumer Products Exemption
  • Any consumer product as defined in the Consumer
    Product Safety Act where
  • Used in the workplace for the purpose intended
  • Exposure within the range that could reasonably
    be experienced by consumers when used for
    intended purpose

14
Written Program Availability
  • Written program available on request
  • To employees and their representatives
  • Program may be kept at main location

15
How must chemicals be labeled?
  • Containers of hazardous chemicals entering
    workplace must be labeled with
  • Identity of chemical
  • Appropriate hazard warnings
  • Message, picture or symbol
  • Hazards of chemical
  • Target organs affected
  • Legible in English, may have other languages
  • Name and address of responsible party

16
Container Labeling Exemptions
  • No new labels necessary if existing labels convey
    required information
  • Labeling not required for portable containers if
  • Transferred from labeled containers and
  • Intended for immediate use by employee performing
    transfer

17
Material Safety Data Sheets
  • Prepared by chemical manufacturer or importer,
    describing
  • Physical hazards, such as fire and explosion
  • Health hazards, such as signs of exposure
  • Routes of exposure
  • Precautions for safe handling and use
  • Emergency and first-aid procedures
  • Control measures

18
Material Safety Data Sheets
  • Must be in English and include specific chemical
    identity and common names
  • Must provide information about
  • Physical and chemical characteristics
  • Health effects
  • Exposure limits
  • Carcinogenicity (cancer-causing)
  • Identification (name, address, and telephone
    number) of the organization responsible for
    preparing the sheet
  • Must be readily accessible to employees in their
    work area

19
Material Safety Data Sheets
  • No prescribed format
  • If no MSDS received for a chemical
  • Contact supplier, manufacturer or importer
  • Maintain record of the contact
  • May be kept in any form including operating
    procedures
  • Addressing hazards of process may make more sense
    than individual chemicals

20
Employee Information and Training
  • Employees must be provided information and
    training on hazardous chemicals in their work
    area
  • At the time of their initial assignment
  • Whenever a new physical or health hazard is
    introduced into their work area
  • May cover categories of hazards or individual
    chemicals

21
Employee Information
  • Employers must inform employees of
  • Training requirements of this section
  • Operations in their work area where hazardous
    chemicals are present
  • Location and availability of the written hazard
    communication program

22
What must employee training contain?
  • Program Explanation of the HazCom program,
    including information on labels, MSDSs, and how
    to obtain and use available hazard information
  • Physical and health hazards of chemicals
  • Protection Protective measures such as
    engineering controls, work practices, and the use
    of PPE
  • Detection How to detect the presence or release
    of a hazardous chemical (using monitoring
    devices, observation, or smell)

23
Health Hazard Definitions
  • Acute rapid effects, as a result of short-term
    exposures, of short duration
  • Chronic effects as a result of long-term
    exposure, of long duration
  • Corrosive Visible destruction or irreversible
    damage to body tissue, including acids and
    caustics (bases)
  • Definitions in 1910.1200 Appendix A

24
Target Organ Effects
  • Hepatotoxins liver damage
  • Nephrotoxins kidney damage
  • Neurotoxins nervous system effects
  • Agents which act on the blood or hematopoietic
    system deprive body tissues of oxygen
  • Agents which damage the lungs

25
Target Organ Effects
  • Reproductive toxins, including teratogens (damage
    fetuses) and mutagens (damage DNA)
  • Cutaneous hazards skin damage
  • Eye hazards

26
Setting up a program
  • The Hazard Communication Standard covers both
  • Physical hazards (such as flammability), and
  • Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage,
    and cancer)
  • Most chemicals used in the workplace have some
    hazard potential, and thus will be covered by the
    rule

27
Setting up a program
  • This rule is more performance-oriented than many
    other OSHA regulations.
  • You have flexibility to adapt the rule to the
    needs of your workplace, rather than having to
    follow specific, rigid requirements

28
Setting up a program
  • Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace
    that are potentially hazardous
  • Survey the workplace to make a comprehensive list
  • Identify chemicals in containers, including pipes
  • Establish purchasing procedures so that MSDSs are
    received before a material is used in the
    workplace

29
Identify hazardous chemicals in the workplace
  • Compile a complete list of the potentially
    hazardous chemicals in the workplace
  • Determine if you have received material safety
    data sheets for all of them
  • If any are missing, contact your supplier and
    request one
  • Do not allow employees to use any chemicals for
    which you have not received an MSDS

30
Preparing and implementing a hazard communication
program
  • All workplaces where employees are exposed to
    hazardous chemicals must have a written plan
  • The plan does not have to be lengthy or
    complicated

31
Employee Training
  • You may want to discuss each chemical
    individually if there are only a few chemicals in
    the workplace
  • You may want to train generally
  • Based on the hazard categories (e.g., flammable
    liquids, corrosive materials, carcinogens)
  • Where there are large numbers of chemicals or
  • Where the chemicals change frequently

32
Training Documentation
  • The rule does not require employers to maintain
    records of employee training, but many employers
    choose to do so
  • This may help you monitor your own program to
    ensure that all employees are appropriately
    trained
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