Ch. 12-Common Sport and Recreational Injuries

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Ch. 12-Common Sport andRecreational Injuries
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Fractured Clavicle

• Signs and symptoms include
• lump over the fracture sight
• lump will be tender, swollen, and deformed

• First Aid Care
• Activate the EMS system immediately, then
• 1. Dont move the victim until you have splinted
  the fracture with one of the following three
  methods
• Sling and swathe
• Figure-8 bandage or butterfly sling
• Improvised immobilization using cravats tied
  together, a roller bandage, or elastic wrap
• 2. Gently apply an ice pack or cold compresses to
  the fracture site to alleviate pain.
• 3. Allow the victim to stay in the most
  comfortable position, usually sitting.

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Shoulder Separation

• 1. Immobilize the shoulder with both horizontal
  and vertical swathes and a sling.
• 2. Apply an ice pack or cold compress to the
  shoulder joint if the victim can tolerate it.

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Vocabulary

• Acromioclavicular joint- the joint in the
  shoulder where the clavicle, scapula, and humerus
  join
• Palpable- able to be felt by the First Aider
• Tennis elbow- Inflammation of the bony protrusion
  of the elbow

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Dislocated Shoulder

• 1. Check for a pulse in the wrist and sensation
  in the hand if either is missing, activate the
  EMS system immediately.
• 2. Immobilize the shoulder in the position found
  never attempt to straighten a dislocated shoulder.

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Dislocated Elbow

• 1. Immobilize the injury in the position found
  never try to straighten a dislocated elbow. If
  possible, use a ladder splint, Sam splint, or
  vacuum splint do not use an air splint, because
  it forces the bones into the shape of the splint.
• 2. Apply an ice pack or cold compress.

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Fracture of the Radial Head

• 1. Splint the injured arm in a flexed position
  if possible, use a vacuum splint, ladder splint,
  or board splint.
• 2. Use a sling and swathe to support the injured
  arm.
• 3. Apply an ice bag or cold compress to the
  injury site.

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Vocabulary

• Colless fracture- A displaced fracture of the
  forearm caused when the victim falls on the palm
  of the hand with the wrist extended
• Smiths fracture- A displaced fracture of the
  forearm caused when the victim falls on the back
  of the hand with the wrist flexed
• Anatomical snuffbox- The area of the wrist
  through which the radial artery passes
• Ischial tuberosity- The spot where the top
  of the hamstring attaches
• Patella- The kneecap

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Colless and Smiths Fractures

• 1. Splint the forearm if possible, use a Sam
  splint,
• ladder splint, or vacuum splint. Immobilize both
• the wrist and the elbow, but leave the fingers
• exposed.
• 2. Because a number of blood vessels pass through
• the area, check circulation by monitoring the
  capillary
• refill in the fingernails.
• 3. Apply an ice pack or cold compress to the
  injury
• site to reduce swelling and pain.

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Fracture and Dislocation of the Carpal Bones

• 1. If there is no deformity, splint the wrist and
  hand with an air splint or other appropriate
  splint.
• 2. If there is deformity, splint the wrist and
  hand with a Sam splint, ladder splint, vacuum
  splint, or other splint that will conform to the
  shape of the deformity do not use an air splint
  if there is deformity.
• 3. Use an ice pack or cold compress to reduce
  pain and swelling.

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Metacarpal Fractures

• 1. If there is no gross deformity, splint the
  hand with a Sam splint, ladder splint, or vacuum
  splint. Keep the fingertips exposed.
• 2. Assess for circulation by checking capillary
  refill every few minutes while you take the
  patient to a medical facility.

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Fractured or Dislocated Fingers

• 1. Splint the fingers if there is little
  deformity, splint the injured finger to an
  adjacent uninjured finger.
• 2. Never try to reduce a dislocated finger.
• 3. Apply an ice pack or cold compress to reduce
  pain and swelling.

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Sprained Thumb (Gamekeepers Thumb)

• 1. An ice pack should be applied to the area to
  control swelling and pain.
• 2. The thumb should be immobilized or buddy taped
  to the index finger.
• 3. Refer to a physician.

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PROGRESS CHECK

• 1. If the arm on the injured side appears longer
  than the one on the other side, suspect
  __________ of the shoulder. (fracture/dislocation/
  separation)
• 2. In shoulder fracture or separation, there is
  generally a lump at the tip of the shoulder with
  dislocation, the tip of the shoulder is typically
  __________. (swollen/prominent/flattened)
• 3. Use slight traction or pulling to immobilize
  all shoulder injuries other than __________.
  (separation/dislocation/fracture)
• 4. You should splint an elbow dislocation
  __________.
• (with the arm straightened/in the position
  found/with the elbow bent)
• 5. Do not use a __________ splint on a dislocated
  elbow. (air/Sam/ladder)
• 6. To assess fractured radial head, have the
  victim __________.
• (bend the elbow/straighten the elbow/rotate the
  forearm)
• 7. In all splints of the forearm, wrist, and/or
  hand, leave the __________ exposed.
  (elbow/wrist/fingertips)
• 8. The general first aid care procedure for all
  injuries to the shoulder,
  elbow, wrist, and hand is to __________.
• (apply traction/use a sling/immobilize, usually
  by splinting)

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Ischial Tuberosity Fracture

• 1. Use a roller bandage to support the affected
  buttocks.
• 2. Apply an ice pack or cold compress to relieve
  pain and reduce swelling.
• 3. Because this injury makes it extremely
  difficult to walk, provide crutches, a stretcher,
  or other way to transport the victim.

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Sprained Knee Ligaments

• 1. Wrap the knee in the most comfortable position
  with a pillow splint, or immobilize the knee and
  the bones above or below it with vacuum splint or
  padded splint.
• 2. Apply an ice pack or cold compress to relieve
  pain and reduce swelling.

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Dislocated Patella

• 1. Check the ankle pulse. If it is absent, try
  once to straighten the knee. Never try to
  straighten or extend the knee for any other
  reason.
• 2. Splint the injured leg in the position in
  which it was found use a pillow splint, Sam
  splint, or vacuum splint to immobilize the knee
  and the bones above and below it, taking care not
  to push against the patella.
• 3. Apply an ice pack or cold compress to relieve
  pain and reduce swelling.

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Achilles Tendon Rupture

• 1. Splint the affected leg with a lower leg
  splint, with the foot slightly plantar flexed.
• 2. Apply an ice pack or cold compress to the
  area, and secure it with a roller bandage.

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Ankle Sprains

• 1. Immediately apply an ice pack to the area to
  help control swelling.
• 2. Apply compression with an elastic wrap or an
  air splint if there is no apparent deformity.
• 3. Elevate the limb.
• 4. Transport the victim to a medical facility to
  rule out a fracture.

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Fractured Tibia or Fibula

• 1. If there is no displacement or deformity,
  immobilize the leg with an air splint otherwise,
  use a Sam splint, ladder splint, vacuum splint,
  or similar splint to immobilize the leg.
• 2. Apply an ice pack or cold compress to relieve
  pain and reduce swelling.

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PROGRESS CHECK

• 1. An ischial tuberosity fracture causes pain in
  the _________. (hip/leg/buttocks)
• 2. Care for torn knee ligament by splinting the
  leg in a ____________ position.
  (straight/flexed/comfortable)
• 3. Splint a dislocated patella in ____________.
  (the position in which it was found/a straight
  position/a flexed position)
• 4. Achilles tendon rupture typically causes
  ____________ if the tear is partial.
• (gross deformity/limited range of
  motion/paralysis)
• 5. The same force that causes sprained ankle can
  also cause fracture in the ____________.
  (foot/lower leg/knee)