Chemical Bonds and Reactions

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Chemical Bonds and Reactions
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Two kinds of bonds

• Ionic
• Covalent
• Chemical Bonds and Reactions

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Ionic bonds

• Ions of opposite charge join together
• Na and Cl- NaCl Chemical Bonds and Reactions

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Covalent Bonds

• Electrons are shared when elements join together
  
• water - H20 Chemical Bonds and Reactions

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Chemical Reactions

• Reactants are changed into a new substance,
  products.
• HCl NaOH --gt NaCl H2O Chemical Bonds and
  ReactionsEnergy Changes

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Endothermic reactions

• energy is used to make something Chemical Bonds
  and Reactions.

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Exothermic reaction

• energy is given off.

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MIXTURES

• Combination of substances that are not chemically
  bonded For example sand and water, or air
  MIXTURES

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Solution

• a uniform mixture of two or more substance.

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MIXTURES

• 2 parts of a mixture
• Solute - the dissolved substance
• Solvent - the dissolving substance

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MIXTURES

• Kool-aid
• What is needed to make it?
• What is the solvent and what is the solute?

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Common Types of Solutions

• Gas-gas air
• Liquid-gas moist air
• Gas-liquid soda water
• Liquid-liquid vinegar

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Common Types of Solutions

• Solid-liquid brine
• Solid-solid sterling sliver
• Water H2O

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Water H2O

• Essential part of living things
• 65-95 the human body
• You can live 60 days without food
• you can only live 6 days without water.

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Water - H2O

• Two Hydrogen and One oxygen

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Covalent Bond

• Water is the universal solvent.
• Hydrogen bond is unique
• Makes blood circulation possible

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Acids, Bases, and Salts

• Acids - compounds that release hydrogen ions (H)
  
• Bases - compounds that release hydroxide ions
  (OH-)

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Acids, Bases, and Salts

• Salts
• compounds that release ions other than hydrogen
  or hydroxide ions
• Neither a acid nor a base.
• Salts dissolve in water are
• electrolytes because they conduct an electrical
  current
• Sports drinks are mixtures of electrolytes that
  are used to replace salts excreted in sweat when
  a person exercises. pH

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Scale

• A standard measurement of the concentration of
  hydrogen ions (H) in a solution.

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Scale

• 0 to 14 pH Scale
• Basic 13 bleach
• 11 ammonia
• 9 baking soda

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Scale

• 8 egg whites pH Scale
• Neutral
• 7.5 Blood
• 7 Water pH Scale
• Acid 5 coffee
• 4 tomato juice
• 3 vinegar
• 2 lemon juice
• .5 battery acid