NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR FIRE AND BURN SAFETY

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NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR FIRE AND BURN SAFETY

• DAVID J. BARILLO, MD, FACS

• MEDICAL UNVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
• CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA

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HOUSE FIRES
REF NFPA FIRE PROTECTION HANDBOOK
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REF Barillo Goode JBCR 199671-6
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REF Barillo Goode JBCR 199671-6
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SMOKE DETECTORS

• KNOWING THAT THE HOUSE IS ON FIRE IS NOT
  HELPFUL TO PEOPLE THAT CANNOT ESCAPE
• UP TO 25 DO NOT ALARM IN PRESENCE OF
  SMOKE
• MILLIONS OF SMOKE DETECTORS ARE OVER 10
  YRS OLD
• SMOKE DETECTORS DO NOT DETECT CARBON
  MONOXIDE
• SMOKE DETECTORS ARE THE LEAST USEFUL TO
  THE PEOPLE WHO NEED THEM THE MOST

REF NFPA JOURNAL 9/10 1997
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NEW TECHNOLOGY

• CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTORS
• RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS

(used IN ADDITION to smoke detectors)
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THERE HAS NEVER BEEN A MULTIPLE (gt3) LOSS
OF LIFE IN A FULLY SPRINKLERED BUILDING
!
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RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS

• Expanded role from property protection to life
  safety
• Development funded by USFA, 1976
• Fast response
• Different pattern (1 head per room)
• Covers 400 square feet

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RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS
Required by law

• San Clemente CA (1980) (prop 13) all new
  residential construction
• Orange and Los Angeles Counties (residences-4
  million people in 1993)
• Greenburgh, NY (1982) all new construction
• Prince George County, MD (1992) all new
  construction
• Florida (1983) all public lodging and time share
  bldgs 3 stories or higher, all existing
  structures by 1988
• 1980s Atlanta GA, Connecticut, Mass require
  retroactive sprinkler installation in existing
  high rise residential buildings
• Hotel and Motel Fire Safety Act 1990
• Scottsdale, AZ 1985
• Federal Fire Safety Act- all Fed assisted high
  rise residences over 3 stories
• ADA areas of rescue assistance

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RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS

• ISO recommendds 15 insurance reduction
• Alaska (1981) 2 tax exemption for structures
  with fire protection systems
• 2 20 reduction from State Farm and Allstate for
  installing sprinklers,
• deadbolts, smoke detectors and
  central monitoring

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RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS

• Operation Life Safety (IAFC) tracks residential
  sprinkler activations
• 1983 1995 551 activations, 35 kitchen, 15
  bedroom
• Nearly all
  were one head activation
• There has not been a single fire fatality in
  residences equipped with sprinklers in Napa, CA,
  or Cobb Co, GA since inception of these programs
• There has been no fire fatality in any
  sprinklered building in PG County
• Scottsdale 52 lives saved by sprinklers since
  1985

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RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS

• If one goes off, they all go off not true
• They cause water damage
• They are expensive typical new installation
  costs are 0.58 - 1.25 per
• square
  foot. THIS IS USUALLY CHEAPER
• THAN THE
  COST OF CARPET !
• They go off accidentally FM experience is 1
  failure in 1 to 16 million
• 
  sprinkler/years

onset time
flow time flow rate total
flow Sprinklers immediate
2 8 min 30 GPM 240
GAL Firefighters who knows ? 6
8 min 300 GPM 3200 GAL

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RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• Should comply with NFPA 13D
• Should be designed and installed by professional
  sprinkler contractors
• House main water feed optimally should be 1.5
  inch pipe
• Storage tank and pump with at least 10 minute
  flow capacity
• Can share common pipe with domestic water system

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RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS
PROMOTING A SPRINKLER ORDINANCE IN YOUR COMMUNITY

• Be realistic
• Build your case
• Work out the technical details
• Know when to back off
• Sprinkler your own home
• Keep up the public education

REF NFPA JOURNAL MARCH/APRIL 1998
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RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS
RESOURCES

• National Fire Protection Association
• American Fire Sprinklers Association
• National Fire Sprinklers Association
• USFA

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IT SAYS PREVENTION !!
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Carbon Monoxide Detectors
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CARBON MONOXIDE

• A natural byproduct of combustion, present
  whenever fuel is burned
• Colorless
• Odorless
• Same density as air (but rises if warm)

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CARBON MONOXIDEinjuries

• 1 cause of poisoning in US
• Approximately 1500 deaths annually including 200
  deaths
• from CO produced by home heating
  equipment
• 10,000 annual emergency room visits
• Children and elderly at higher risk

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CARBON MONOXIDEsymptoms

• Headache
• dizziness
• nausea
• shortness of breath
• fatigue
• Flu-like symptoms

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CARBON MONOXIDEprotection

• Make sure that all fuel-burning appliances work
  properly
• Have central heating systems inspected annually
• Never burn charcoal or use portable camping
  equipment indoors
• Never use the stove, oven or clothes dryer to
  heat the house
• Never operate vehicles or gasoline powered tools
  inside the garage
• Install carbon monoxide detectors

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CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTORS

• Cost 25 to 100
• Do not detect smoke, propane or natural gas
• CPSC carbon monoxide detectors are as important
  to home safety as smoke detectors are

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CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTORS

• CPSC every home should have at least one
  detector installed outside of sleeping areas
• Additional detectors on every level and in every
  bedroom provide additional protection
• Do not install above or near CO producing
  appliances
• Best installed on ceiling

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CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTORS

• About 6 million households now have CO detectors
• Chicago, IL required in all new residential
  construction and when new heating equipment
  installed (1994)

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CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTORS
DESIRABLE CRITERIA

• Compliant with UL standard 2034
• Compliant with IAS 6-96 standard
• Compliant with NFPA Suggested Practice 720 (1998)
• AC power with battery backup

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CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTORSUL Standard

• Alarm must sound before an average, healthy adult
  begins to experience symptoms
• OSHA 8 hr exposure 35 PPM
• 200 PPM X 2-3 hr Headache, fatigue, nausea,
  dizziness
• Alarm must sound before CO reaches 100 PPM over
  90 minutes
• Alarm must sound before CO reaches 200 PPM over
  35 minutes
• Alarm must sound before CO reaches 400 PPM over
  15 minutes

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CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTORS
CPSC RECALL, MARCH 1999

• 650,000 Kidde Nitehawks
• - mfg between 11/8/98 and 3/9/99
• - labeled in front carbon monoxide alarm
• - units labeled carbon monoxide detector
• are OK
• 350,000 Kidde Lifesavers model 9CO1 or
• 9CO-1C mfg between 6/1/97 and 1/31/98
• 18,700 Sinostone SC-01 detectors recalled in 1996
  by CPSC

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CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTORSAC
Battery

• Same
• Install anywhere
• Battery change
• Sensor needs changing every 2-3 yr
• Reaction time depends on concentration
• and duration of exposure
• Reset time depends on exposure time and may
  require removal of sensor
• Silence buttons now required

• Cost 30 - 50
• Requires wiring
• No maintenance required
• Sensor gets more sensitive with age
• Gives continuous display of CO level
• Updated every few minutes
• Resets immediately when CO level OK

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IT SAYS PREVENTION !!
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