OFF THE ROAD (OTR) TIRE OUT-OF-SERVICE CRITERIA

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OFF THE ROAD (OTR) TIREOUT-OF-SERVICE
CRITERIA

• Dean Nichols
• nichols.dean_at_dol.gov
• 304-547-2308
• Jim Angel
• angel.james_at_dol.gov
• 304-547-2064

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DISCLAIMER

• The information and recommendations contained in
  this presentation are to be considered for
  illustrative and general information purposes in
  recognizing and evaluating common off road tire
  out of service criteria only and should not be
  relied upon as being a comprehensive treatment on
  the subject. This presentation does not attempt
  to assess all of the facts and circumstances in
  evaluating off road tire out of service criteria,
  and inspectors must consider and evaluate all
  factors when making a determination whether a
  tire defect rises to the level of a hazard that
  would result in a finding that a violation exists
  at a mine.
• The inspector should not cite to the
  manufacturers specs as reason for the citation.
• The citation should rely on facts as seen by the
  inspector. The off road tire out of service
  criteria in the presentation cannot be referred
  to in any citation and any enforcement actions
  cannot be initiated by inspectors regarding tire
  safety based solely on this presentation.
• This material should be used for training
  purposes only. It is not a compliance guide, but
  rather a collection of good practices from MSHA,
  NIOSH, and private sector sources

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Running Tires to Destruction is Not Recommended

• Its not a safe practice
• Potential for loss of control of the vehicle
• Potential for debris to injure personnel if tire
  ruptures
• Tires with a damaged structural component (are)
  can create a safety hazard

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Identifying the Structural Components of a Tire

• The tire manufacturer, or their authorized
  representative, should be consulted since tires
  have different designs
• Inspection of defects, such as determining the
  depth of cuts, on a pressurized tire can create a
  safety hazard- safely deflate the tire before
  inspection

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Identifying the Structural Components of a Tire

• Typically tires have non-structural
  impact/penetration belts between the tread and
  the tires structural belts
• Tires with exposed impact/penetration belts
  should be scheduled for inspection and, if
  necessary, maintenance
• Tires with exposed structural belts should be
  removed from service
• The ply rating is a nominal strength rating and
  does not indicate the actual number of belts
• Continental Tire considers a tire with any belt
  exposed no longer viable

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Identifying the Structural Components of a Tire

• Typically, tires have one structural belt in the
  sidewall area with a non-structural turn up of
  the belt in the bead area
• Tires with exposed turn up wires should be
  scheduled for inspection and, if necessary,
  maintenance
• Tires with exposed sidewall structural belt wires
  should be removed from service

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RADIAL TIRE
Tread
Shoulder
Sidewall
Belts
Ply
Turn Up
Chafer
Bead Bundle
Air Chamber
From SAE J2611 Draft
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Identify the Structural Components of a Tire

• Damaged rims can damage tires
• Rims with minor damage should be scheduled for
  maintenance, cracked rims or damaged lock rings
  should be immediately removed from service
• Wheel driver keys are not considered structural
  components
• Missing keys can allow the rim to slip, wear the
  o-ring, and cause the loss of air pressure,
  missing keys should be scheduled for maintenance

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Damaged rim
Driver Key Insert
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Structural Components of a Tire

• Many defects in the tread and sidewall areas can
  be repaired
• The tire manufacturer establishes the tires
  repair limits
• Proper repair is essential to maintain the safety
  of the tire
• Moving a tire with a structural defect to a
  inside rear axle position is an unsafe practice

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Maintenance Training

• Tire maintenance schedules and tire
  out-of-service criteria should be developed
• Equipment operators should visually inspect tires
  during the pre-shift inspection and be trained to
  recognize hazardous tire defects
• Maintenance personnel should be trained to safely
  and properly inspect and repair tires

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Maintenance Training

• Society of Automotive Engineers
• Off Road Tire Conditions Removal Guidelines-
  Draft
• Draft available for review, comments requested
• Note- this document does not affect Agency policy

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Typical Defects
Bulge An area of separation packed with rubber
that has migrated from an adjoining area of the
separation.
Blister A localized bubble on the surface of a
tire.
Chipping Flaking or tearing away small bits of
tread rubber.
Chunking Tearing or breaking away pieces of
tread rubber.
Cracks Splits or narrow breaks in rubber
compounds not caused by a foreign object. Also
known as a split.
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Typical Defects
Cut Damage made by sharp or jagged objects
(e.g. rocks, rock fragments). Also known as a
snag.
Exposed Cord Belt/Breaker, ply (usually nylon
or steel) or other reinforcement and steel
chafer/bead area reinforcement that can be seen.
Excludes fabric (usually nylon) chafer.
Puncture Any penetration of a tires air
chamber by a foreign object resulting in loss of
air.
Separation The parting of de-bonding of any
adjacent parts of the tire (ply to ply, ply to
rubber, etc.
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Safety ReferencesTire Safety is Just One Part of
a Mine Haulage SystemSafety Program

• MSHAs Tire and Rim
• Safety Awareness Program
• http//www.msha.gov/SHINFO/IG60.PDF
• MSHAs Haul Road Inspection Handbook
  http//www.msha.gov/READROOM/HANDBOOK/PH99-I-4.pdf
  

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Safety References

• Truck Drivers Safe Operating Procedures
  -http//www.msha.gov/SHINFO/SAFETY/HCARD/TRUCKSAF
  .HTM
• 100-TON OR GREATER TRUCK PREOPERATION INSPECTION
  - http//www.msha.gov/SHINFO/SAFETY/HCARD/100Tmor
  e.HTM
• Design of Surface Mine Haulage Roads A Manual,
  IC 8758 http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/pubs/pdf
  s/ic8758.pdf

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Safety References

• Tire manufacturers, tire industry organizations,
  and machine manufactures tire safety and
  maintenance information
• Many available sources- the following are
  provided as examples, no MSHA endorsement or
  determination of suitability is implied

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Safety References

• Tire Industry Association- OTR Tire Mount/Demount
  Training Certificate Program-
  http//www.tireindustry.org/shop/shop200.asp
• Tire Retread Information Bureau-
  http//www.retread.org/

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Safety References

• Goodyear- http//www.goodyearotr.com/pdf/otrdatab
  ook2004.pdf,
• Reference Goodyears Cause and Prevention of
  Typical Earthmover Tire Failures
• Michelin- http//earthmover.webmichelin.com/na_eng
  /ProductInfo/ProductInfo.Html, http//earthmover.w
  ebmichelin.com/na_eng/News/106.html

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Safety References

• Bridgestone - http//www.bfor.com/tire_management/
  index.asp
• Also see Bridgestones Tire Damage Checklist and
  Tire Management Software
• Continental- http//www.conti-online.com/generato
  r/www/us/en/continental/otr/themes/tech_dnloads/do
  wnloads_en.html

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Safety References

• Yokohama- http//www.yokohamatire.com/otr_tire_con
  struction.asp
• Rimex- Safety information and TyreSense-
  http//www.rimex.com/custom/safety.html,
  http//www.rimex.com/custom/defuzervalve.html,
  http//www.rimex.com/custom/tyresense.html
• Fuller Brothers, Inc.- Tire Analysis System-
  http//www.fullerbros.com/products/TAS.htm
• Arnco- Tire Flatproofing- http//www.arnconet.com/
  flatproofing.htm

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Safety References

• Ten Do's and Don'ts of Tire Management Basic
  maintenance and care contributes to maximum tire
  performance, tire life, and operator safety.
  http//www.aggman.com/articles/jun04e.htm

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Safety References

• Tire Incentive Program Provides Savings for
  Phelps Dodge and Scholarships to Local Youth-
  http//www.phelpsdodge.com/PhelpsDodge/Templates/I
  nnerPageSimpleNav.aspx?NRMODEPublishedNRORIGINAL
  URL2fCommunity-Environment2fCommunityRelations
  2fEmployeeInvolvement2fCaseStudies2ehtmNRNODEGU
  ID7b14E6B5F5-766F-4DCB-95E9-D1140D2C21667dNRCA
  CHEHINTGuesttireincentive