North Africa and Southwest Asia Today

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North Africa and Southwest Asia Today

• By Mr. Hunter

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Points to Ponder

• 1. Who took over the Ottoman empire after its
  defeat?
• 2. What is a mandate?

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Points to ponder

• 1. Great Britain and France
• 2. a country placed under another powers control
  by international agreement
• The European powers promised to give their
  mandates independence by a certain date.

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United Nations

• How did the United Nations attempt to solve the
  conflict between the Jews and Arabs in Palestine?
  Were they successful?

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United Nations Attempt

• The UN divided Palestine into two parts- one for
  the Jews and one for the Arabs. It was not
  successful since it spurred the Arab-Isreli wars.

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UN

• How do you think the UN could have resolved this
  conflict in a better way?

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Palestinian Refugees

• 700,000 Arabs had to leave their homes

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Arab-Isreli Wars

• Israel won the third and fourth Arab-Isreli wars
  and territory switched back and forth between the
  two countries.
• Attempts at peace have been made, but a peaceful
  solution has not been reached.

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What causes this conflict between Israel and Arab
countries?

• Religious differences
• Conflict between ethnic groups
• Nationalism
• Fundamentalism

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Religious Differences

• Example Sunnis and Shiites
• Shiites are MUCH more willing to accept
  religious leaders as political leaders.
• This has caused tension between Iraq and Iran.

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Ethnic Groups

• Example
• Iraqis are descendants of Arabs from the Arabian
  peninsula.
• Most Iranians are Persians, with a different
  language and history.

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Nationalism

• Kurds
• Want a country of their own

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Oil

• Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kuwait, and Iraq produce
  nearly half of the worlds oil!
• Oil is such a valuable resource, OPEC was formed.
  How does it influence the cost of oil?
• How did OPEC inflate the price of gasoline in
  1973?

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Supply and demand

• Demand refers to how much (quantity) of a product
  or service is desired by buyers. The quantity
  demanded is the amount of a product people are
  willing to buy at a certain price the
  relationship between price and quantity demanded
  is known as the demand relationship

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Supply and Demand

• Supply represents how much the market can offer.

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Example

• Imagine that a special edition CD of your
  favorite band is released for 20. Because the
  record company's previous analysis showed that
  consumers will not demand CDs at a price higher
  than 20, only ten CDs were released because the
  opportunity cost is too high for suppliers to
  produce more. If, however, the ten CDs are
  demanded by 20 people, the price will
  subsequently rise because, according to the
  demand relationship, as demand increases, so does
  the price. Consequently, the rise in price should
  prompt more CDs to be supplied as the supply
  relationship shows that the higher the price, the
  higher the quantity supplied.

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Oil

• Using the data from the table, create a line
  graph.
• Create five math problems to accompany your line
  graph.

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Year Cost
1970 10.00
1975 46.00
1980 85.00
1985 48.00
1990 43.00
1995 23.00
2000 28.00
2005 58.00
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How does Islam influence the culture of the
region?

• Muslims pray five times a day.

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Why do Muslims face a certain direction when they
pray?

• They are facing Kaaba (the House of God) at
  Mecca, the holiest of the three cities of Islam.
• Muslims face different directions, depending on
  where they are in relation to Mecca.

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How does Islam influence the culture of the
region?

• Radio stations air readings from the Qur an.
• Muslims go on a haji or pilgrimage to Mecca, once
  in a lifetime.

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How does Islam influence the culture of the
region?

• During the ninth month of the Islamic year,
  called Ramadan, Muslims fast from sunrise to
  sunset with a huge feast at the end of the month.
  

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Ramadan

• Would you have the dedication to fast for an
  entire month?

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Westernization

• Some people believe that westernization (eating
  at fast-food restaurants and making advances in
  businesses and sciences) will give them a higher
  standards of living.

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Westernization
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Women wear many hats.

• Israel, Jordan, Egypt Women are educated and
  work in business and government.
• Saudi Arabia Women cannot attend gatherings with
  men, drive cars, and have more than one husband.
  Few women work outside the home!

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Women wear many hats.

• Some women are forced to wear chadors.

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Women wear many hats.
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Why is the nomadic culture in the region almost
gone?
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Egypt

• 1. Why was the Suez Canal important? How did it
  come under British control?

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Egypt

• Egypts government went through drastic change
  from the 1920s to the 1950s.
• It became an independent monarchy in 1922 and
  became a republic in 1953.

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Important People

• Ismail Pasha
• King Fuad
• King Farouk
• Gamal Nassar

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Aswan High Dam

• How is this structure an example of a tradeoff?

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Conditions

• 1. Describe the conditions of rights for women in
  modern Egypt.
• 2. How has Egypt striven to create peaceful
  solutions in world conflicts?
• 3. Describe the Muslim Brotherhood.

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Rights of Women

• Active in the movement for independence
• Fewer rights than men in marriage
• 1956- gained the right to vote and run for office
• 2000- women gained rights for divorce

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Egypt strives for peace.

• Egypt became the first Arab state to sign a peace
  treaty with Israel.
• Led the region in opposing Iraqs 1990 invasion
  of Kuwait.
• Tried to settle arguments between Iraq and UN

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Muslim Brotherhood

• Egypt should be governed solely by Islamic law,
  and not try to make peace with other countries.
• Al-Banna, the leader, based his ideas that Islam
  was not only a religious observance, but a
  comprehensive way of life

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Muslim Brotherhood

• "Allah is our objective. The Prophet is our
  leader. Qur'an is our law. Jihad is our way.
  Dying in the way of Allah is our highest
  hope."Muslim Brotherhood

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Geography

• 1. What type of land covers much of Egypt?
• 2. What is Egypts most important primary product
  and agricultural export?
• 3. How would you describe the life of the
  fellahin?

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Cairo

• Create a venn diagram comparing Cairo, Egypt to
  New York City.

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Cairo

• Cairo once had gardens, trees, and birds, but now
  it is overpopulated and polluted.
• Poor Cairenes work in factories or small shops
  and live in cemeteries, on roofs, or in poorly
  built apartment buildings.

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Cairo

• Wealthier Cairenes work as doctors, lawyers,
  teachers (YAY!), factory managers and government
  officials.

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Egypt has been a cultural leader.

• Find support for this statement.

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Egypt has been a cultural leader

• Egypt opened the first modern school for girls in
  the Arab world in 1829.
• In Egypt, all children must attend school.
• There was a strong feminist movement in Egypt.
• The country supports media and entertainment in
  print and broadcast.

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Israel

• Israels current problems are rooted in a long
  and complicated history.

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• 1. What was Zionism?
• 2. Describe the kinds of communities early Jewish
  settlers established in Palestine.
• 3. Why is drop irrigation an important technique?
• 4. What is the population and ethnic makeup of
  Israel?
• 5. Describe life as a Palestinian Arab in Israel.
• 6. What opportunities do women have in Israel?
• 7. What are the Jewish High Holy Days? Describe
  one of them in detail.
• 8. How do Orthodox Jews differ from secular Jews?
• 9. What was the Law of Return? What were its
  postive and negative impacts on Israeli society?

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Zionism

• Zionism was a Jewish movement to return to the
  homeland of Palestine, which Jews called Zion

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Kibbutz

• A kibbutz is a cooperative farming villages
  called kibbutzim established by early Jewish
  settlers in Palestine.

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Population and Ethnic Makeup

• About 6.3 million people live in Israel!
• About 80 of the people are Jewish and 20 are
  Palestinian Arabs.

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Palestinian Arabs

• Less political power
• Fewer rights and opportunities
• Some refugees in the Gaza Strip and West Bank

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Opportunities for Women

• They can work outside the home
• Child care is provided on kibbutzim
• A woman was prime minister from 1969-1974

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Jewish High Holy Days

• Rosh Hashanah
• Yom Kippur

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Rosh Hashanah

• Jewish New Year is a time to begin introspection,
  looking back at the mistakes of the past year and
  planning the changes to make in the new year.
• eating apples dipped in honey, a symbol of our
  wish for a sweet new year

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Yom Kippur

• It is a day set aside to "afflict the soul," to
  atone for the sins of the past year.

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Arabic

• Arabic is the official language of Israel.
• Cognates coffee, ghoul, carrot, algebra, gargle,
  check, alcohol, zero

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Arabic Proverbs

• If you conduct yourself properly, fear no one.

An intelligent deaf-mute is better than an
ignorant person who can speak. When the wolf
comes for the sheep, the dog goes to deficate.
Exert effort, you shall be rewarded. (lit. tire
yourself out for the sake of something and you
shall get it.)