Grade 11 Mental Health Unit

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Grade 11 Mental Health Unit
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Before We Start

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I knowthe question in your heads right know is
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Why do we have to know this?

• 1 in 5 Canadians will personally experience a
  mental illness during their lifetime (close to 6
  million).
• 1 in 8 Canadians will be medically treated for a
  mental illness.
• According to Statistics Canada, teenagers and
  young adults aged 15-24 experience the highest
  incidence of mental disorders of any age group in
  Canada. (Can. Mental Health Assoc.)
• The onset of most serious mental illnesses occurs
  during adolescence and young adulthood. (Can.
  Mental Health Assoc.)
• FINALLY
• We need to remove the stigma of Mental Illness

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Two Examples of Illnesses

• Type 1 Diabetes
• Caused by inability of pancreas to produce
  insulin
• Treated by daily intake of insulin to allow the
  body to properly utilize glucose.

• Schizophrenia
• Caused by inability of neurotransmitters in the
  brain to properly communicate
• Treated with antipsychotic drugs that reduce the
  episodes a person has and allows for a normal
  life

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Why are those diagnosed with a Physical Illness
treated much more differently than those who have
been diagnosed with a Mental Illness?
So the Big Question is

• Both are illnesses that can be treated with
  medications!

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What do these people have in common?

• Abraham Lincoln
• Winston Churchill
• Sir Isaac Newton
• Vincent Van Gogh
• Ludwig van Beethoven
• Alanis Morissette
• Kurt Cobain
• Howie Mandel

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All have suffered from a Mental Illness yet
they are considered leaders in their respective
fields!

• Abraham Lincoln - Depression
• Winston Churchill - Depression
• Sir Isaac Newton - Bipolar Disorder
• Vincent Van Gogh - Bipolar Disorder
• Ludwig van Beethoven - Bipolar Disorder
• Alanis Morissette - Depression
• Kurt Cobain - Depression (suicide)
• Howie Mandel - Phobia (germaphobe)

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Mental Illness and Men

• The "code" governing men's behaviour is one of
  the prime barriers preventing men from seeking
  help.
• According to UK-based MaleHealth.com, men may
  feel it's "weak and unmanly to admit to feelings
  of despair." Because it's easier for men to
  acknowledge physical symptoms, rather than
  emotional ones, their mental health problems can
  go undiagnosed.

• Beliefs about masculinity also encourage men's
  general lack of interest in health issues many
  men simply don't believe they are susceptible to
  depression, so why bother learning about it?
• Similarly, risky behaviour, seen especially in
  younger men - including abuse of alcohol and/or
  drugs and violence - can mask their emotional
  problems, both from themselves and their
  physicians.

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Times are Changing

• Recently, awareness about mental illness has been
  brought into mainstream media
• Bell Lets Talk
• Athletes have come forward with their stories of
  dealing with a mental issue
• Joey Votto MVP - depression
• Clara Hughes Olympian - depression
• Ricky Williams NFL social anxiety
• Michael Phelps Olympian ADHD
• David Beckham Soccer - OCD

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Stigma

• Definition A mark or sign of disgrace or
  discredit
• (Oxford Dictionary)
• People diagnosed with mental illnesses are
  stigmatized everyday.
• Stigmas arise from superstition, lack of
  knowledge, and a tendency to fear and exclude
  people who are perceived as different.
• Stigmas result in stereotyping, fear,
  embarrassment and often force people into
  remaining quiet about their mental illness and
  delay seeking the help that they need

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How do we perpetuate stigmas?

• Many of us use them without intending any harm.
  Would you mock someone for having a physical
  illness like cancer or heart disease?
• Words like "crazy," "cuckoo," "psycho," "wacko,"
  "nutjob" the loony bin are just a few
  examples of words that keep the stigma of mental
  illness alive.
• These words belittle and offend people with
  mental health problems.

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What is Mental Health?

• Mental Health is another component of Healthy
  Active Living

• A person in good mental health can more easily
• Deal with stress
• Cope with change
• Overcome negative feelings
• Maintain a positive outlook on life

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Mentally Healthy People

• Feel comfortable about themselves
• Are not overwhelmed by their own feelings and can
  accept many of lifes disappointments in stride
• Experience human emotions (eg. fear, anger, love,
  jealousy, guilt, joy) but are not overcome by
  them

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Mentally Healthy People

• Are able to meet the demands that life places on
  them
• Respond to problems, accept responsibility, plan
  ahead without fearing the future, and are able to
  establish reachable goals
• Are concerned about the well-being of others and
  have positive relationships with them

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Mentally Healthy People

• This is not to say that a mentally healthy person
  does not get upset with difficulties they
  encounter.
• Mentally Healthy people experience stress,
  frustrations, failure, feelings of self-doubt,
  and rejection.
• What distinguishes a mentally healthy person from
  someone who is not mentally healthy is resilience.

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Resilience

• Resilience is a persons ability to recapture
  their sense of emotional wellness within a
  reasonable time using a variety of coping
  strategies

• Example
• If your partner breaks up with you, you are able
  to overcome this emotionally and eventually start
  seeing other people.
• You fail a test, but you realize that there are
  other ways to improve your mark

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Work Time!

• Complete the worksheet titled
• Characteristics of a Mentally Healthy Person

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Characteristics of a Mentally Healthy Person

• Hopefulness about opportunities lifes
  challenges
• Persistence
• Responsible for own personal behaviour
• Respect own needs and the needs of others
• Healthy self-confidence

• Healthy self-esteem
• Manages stress effectively
• Has a support network
• Seeks help / advice when needed
• Healthy attitude towards lifes problems and
  difficulties

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How do you know if you have good Mental Health?

• Everything feels like it is working well.
• You feel good about yourself, your relationships
  with others, and are able to meet the challenges
  or demands of life.

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Mental Health is a continuum, it changes from
time to time based on things that go wrong and
things that go well.
www.hr.umich.edu/mhealthy/understandingu/learn/men
tal_health.html
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How do I know if it is a Mental Health Problem
Im Dealing with?

• As we all know, people experience difficult
  feelings at various times of their lives.
• (grief, anger, loneliness, isolation, euphoria).
• These become a mental illness when
• the stresses and painful feelings or disorienting
  patterns of thought seriously interfere with
  everyday life.
• your ordinary coping skills are overwhelmed and
  not able to help you.

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Before we look at Mental Illness in more detail

• Lets look at some Myths of Mental Illness that
  perpetuate stigmas.

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Myths of Mental Illness

•  1. People with mental illness are violent and
  dangerous
• The truth is that, as a group, mentally ill
  people are no more violent than any other
  group. In fact, they are more likely to be the
  victims of violence than to be violent
  themselves. (Can. Mental Health Assoc.)

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Myths of Mental Illness

• 2. People with mental illness are poor and/or
  less intelligent.
• Many studies show that most mentally ill people
  have average or above-average intelligence.
  Mental illness, like physical illness, can affect
  anyone regardless of intelligence, social class,
  or income level. (Can. Mental Health Assoc.)

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Myths of Mental Illness

• 3. Mental illness is caused by a personal
  weakness.
• A mental illness is not a character flaw. It is
  an illness, and it has nothing to do with being
  weak or lacking will-power. Although people with
  mental illness can play a big part in their own
  recovery, they did not choose to become ill, and
  they are not lazy because they cannot just "snap
  out of it." (Can. Mental Health Assoc.)

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What is Mental Illness?

• A health condition that changes a persons
  thinking, feelings, or behaviour (or all three)
  and that causes the person distress and
  difficulty in functioning

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What Causes Mental Health Problems?

• We do not know for sure what causes mental
  illness but most studies suggest that a
  combination of factors contribute to the onset,
  recovery, and severity of most mental health
  problems.

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What Causes Mental Health Problems?
   
 
Sourced from www.camh.net

• Promoting Positive Mental Health

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What is Mental Illness?

• The symptoms of mental illness vary from mild to
  severe, depending on the type of mental illness.
• There are TWO types of Mental Illness.

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Neuroses

• Milder form of mental illness
• Neuroses are characterized by such symptoms as
  anxiety, insecurity, depression, and unreasonable
  fears.
• Most people have these feelings occasionally, but
  a person who suffers a neurotic disorder has them
  frequently or even constantly.
• Such feelings interfere with the individual's
  life and their relations with others.

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Anxiety Disorders

• 1 in 4 adults will experience an anxiety disorder
  in their life
• estimated 1 in 10 people have had an episode in
  the last year
• Most common mental health issue for women, 2nd
  behind substance abuse in men
• People suffering from an anxiety disorder are
  subject to intense, prolonged feelings of fright
  and distress for no obvious reason

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Phobias

• An intense or irrational fear of something that
  poses little or no actual danger
• Specific phobias - are believed to result from a
  combination of biological factors and life
  events.
• ie. fear of flying, spiders, heights, blood,
  dogs
• Social Phobia - excessively fearful of social or
  performance situations
• ie. Speaking in public,Use public washrooms

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Work Time! - Phobias

• Can you identify the phobias listed on your sheet?

www.healthyfellow.com
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

• OCD occurs when worries
• become obsessions, and
• the compulsive rituals so
• excessive, that they
• dominate a person's life.
• For example
• washing hands
• arranging tableware
• counting stairs
• same routine for leaving house

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Depression

• Depression becomes an illness, or clinical
  depression when feelings of worthlessness and
  self blame, sadness, disappointment, and
  emptiness are severe, last several weeks, or
  interfere with ones life

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Teenage Depression

• As many as 1 in 7 people between 18-25 have
  experienced a first onset of major depression
  most going without treatment
• 8 10 of teenagers are diagnosed with clinical
  depression
• Depression causes functional impairment ie
  unable to get to school

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Teenage Depression

• Signs
• Irritability
• Argumentative
• I don't care attitude
• Blowing off responsibilities
• Changes in sleep patterns too much or too
  little sleep
• Weight loss or gain

• Symptoms
• Lethargy / no motivation
• Low self esteem / very quiet
• Suicidal thoughts
• Anger "better mad than sad" acting out
  aggressively towards others
• Self medication substance abuse

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Teenage Depression

• Treatment
• Medications
• Therapy
• Counselling
• Depression, if diagnosed early enough, is very
  treatable

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Psychoses

• More severe form of mental illness
• A serious but treatable medical condition that
  reflects a disturbance in brain functioning
• A person with psychosis experiences some loss of
  contact with reality, characterized by changes in
  their way of thinking, believing, perceiving
  and/or behaving

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Schizophrenia

• A biological disorder of the brain
• People with schizophrenia may experience one or
  all of these main conditions
• - delusions and/or hallucinations
• - lack of motivation
• - social withdrawal
• - thought disorders
• Recent studies have shown a link between early
  age marijuana use and schizophrenia

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Bipolar Disorder

• biological brain disorder that results in extreme
  psychological and emotional mood swings.
• Feelings of intense depression are coupled with
  extreme energy and exuberance delusions of
  grandiosity
• (used to be known as Manic Depressive)

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Treatment of Mental Illness

• Treatments must reflect the complex origins of
  the mental illness
• Treatments can include
• Psychotherapy
• Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
• Medication
• Occupational therapy
• Social work

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MOVIE Time!

• Watch the CBC Documentary,
• The Downside of Getting High
• Answer the questions in your notes as you watch
  the movie.

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Your Independent Research Assignment will look at
a specific Mental Health Issue in greater detail.
Dont be like Garfield
Your Assignment is due __________________________
_____
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Moving away from specific illnesses
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Factors that Influence Ones Mental Health

• Internal factors
• Genetics
• Hormonal Levels
• Neurological
• Physical fitness
• Interpersonal skills

• External Factors
• Family influences
• Drug / alcohol abuse
• Dietary deprivation
• Environmental factors (crime, unemployment)

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Work Time! - Case Studies (Handout)

• Look at the two case studies provided by your
  teacher (on overhead).
• Identify the Internal and External Mental Health
  Factors that may currently (or in their future)
  be affecting the individuals mental health.

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Stress

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Stress is

• a non-specific response of the body to any
  demand or challenge (Dr. Hans Selye)
• Stress can be anything that..
• Threatens us
• Prods us
• Scares us
• Worries us
• Thrills us

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There are TWO kinds of Stress..

• BTWDid you know?
• Stress is the cause of, or contributes to, most
  human illness.
• People who understand stress factors make the
  best bosses

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1. Eustress

• GOOD stress
• It helps us to perform better
• It can help us feel vital and excited about life

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2. Distress

• BAD Stress
• Causes us to perform poorly
• Can be detrimental to our health if not taken
  care of

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Stress can lead to anxiety
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Work Time! - Stressors

• Fill in the Stress and Stressors sheet that you
  have received from your teacher. (from overhead)
• Complete the Case Studies worksheet on Types of
  Stressors

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Bodily Reactions to Stress

• Emotional Signs
• Irritability
• Aggressive behaviour
• Easily startled
• Nervous laughter
• Trouble sleeping
• Over / Under eating
• Accident prone

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Bodily Reactions to Stress

• Physical Signs
• Pounding heart
• Trembling feeling
• Grinding of teeth
• Dry mouth
• Excessive perspiration
• Aching neck / back
• Cold hands / feet
• Frequent colds

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Why We Need Stress

• Having some stress is necessary to achieve
  optimal performance.
• Being able to recognize the amount of stress one
  is capable of handling is important so not to
  overwhelm oneself

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The Effect of Stress on the Body

• Stage 1 Fight or Flight
• Brains arousal system is activated, adrenalin
  and other stress hormones are released
• Mental alertness heightens, pulse and respiration
  increase, sweating increases, muscles tense up
• Stage 2 Intensification or Recovery
• You realize there was no threat, body reverts to
  relaxed state OR
• There is a threat, the body uses the increased
  energy to fight or flight, then reverts to a
  relaxed state

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The Effect of Stress on the Body

• Stage 3 Adaptation
• If the source of the stress doesnt go away or is
  lessened, the body changes are retained (see
  stage 1)
• The new level of stress is viewed to be
  normaland the body adapts. The effects of the
  stress manifest themselves
• Physical symptoms heartburn, tense muscles,
  headaches, stomach aches, diarrhea, frequent
  illness
• Emotional Signs anxiety, irritability, crying,
  sleep disturbance
• Behavioural signs overeating, increased use of
  caffeine, alcohol / drug abuse, difficulty
  falling asleep

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The Effect of Stress on the Body

• Stage 4 Exhaustion
• If the stress continues unrelieved for a long
  time, serious health problems could result
• Physical Symptoms high blood pressure, heart
  attack, stroke, ulcers, exhaustion, migraines,
  decreased sex drive
• Emotions depression, suicidal tendencies, rage
• Behavioural Signs frequent serious accidents,
  disordered eating, loss of sexual desire

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Strategies to Cope with Stress

• Physical
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle
• Learn to relax
• Social
• Communicate with people
• Enjoy your favourite pastimes
• Seek new activities

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Strategies to Cope with Stress

• Mental
• Think positively
• Organize your time
• Plan ahead
• Express your feelings

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Strategies to Cope with Stress

• Change Stressful Situations
• Learn time and money management skills
• Avoid the stressor if at all possible
• Communicate your needs
• Deal with the stressor, dont avoid it

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Maladaptive Coping Mechanisms

• You should receive a sheet listing coping
  mechanisms that are maladaptive (not good) rather
  than adaptive (helpful).

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Defense Mechanisms

• derived from psychoanalytic theory
• Defense mechanisms are our way of distancing
  ourselves from a full awareness of unpleasant
  thoughts, feelings, and desires.

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Defense Mechanisms

• By altering and distorting one's awareness of the
  original problem, one makes it more tolerable.
• While defense mechanisms are used in an attempt
  to protect oneself from unpleasant emotions, they
  often result in equally harmful problems. 

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Work Time! Defense Mechanisms

• Complete the student worksheet by identifying the
  maladaptive coping strategy being used in each
  situation.

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The End of theMental Health Unit!
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• http//www.ementalhealth.ca/ottawa/en/_Mental_Heal
  th_Resource_Directory_a100_b1.html
• http//mentalhealthvideosonline.info/

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• http//www.cmha.ca/highschoolcurriculum/media/Part
  _1/Presentation_Files/index.html
• Functions of the brain
• Affect
• Normal moods
• Signaling Fight or flight
• http//www.cmha.ca/highschoolcurriculum/whats_on_t
  his_site.html

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