Hazardous Materials

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Hazardous Materials North Carolina Fire Code

• BEST Conference - 2005

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Presenter

• Charlie Johnson
• Wake County Public Safety
• Fire/Rescue Division
• [phone]
• cejohnson_at_co.wake.nc.us

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Objectives

• Describe how hazardous materials are regulated by
  building and fire codes.
• List the permit requirements for hazardous
  materials.
• Describe the control area concept of hazardous
  materials management.
• Describe the general code requirements for
  storage, dispensing and use of hazardous materials

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North Carolina Fire Code

• Development process began in 1997 by three model
  code groups
• SBCCI
• ICBO
• BOCA

Model codes updated to more consistently regulate
hazardous materials
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Hazardous Materials - Defined

• Those chemicals or substances which are physical
  hazards or health hazards as defined and
  classified in Chapter 27, whether the materials
  are in usable or waste condition

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Physical Hazards

• 1. Explosives and blasting agents.
• 2. Flammable and combustible liquids.
• 3. Flammable solids and gases.
• 4. Organic peroxide materials.
• 5. Oxidizer materials.
• 6. Pyrophoric materials.
• 7. Unstable (reactive) materials.
• 8. Water-reactive solids and liquids.
• 9. Cryogenic fluids.

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Health Hazards

• 1. Highly toxic and toxic materials.
• 2. Corrosive materials.

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Resources to help classify?

• North Carolina Fire Code - Appendix E
• Hazardous Materials Classification Guide
• HMEx Assistant
• MSDS
• Manufacturer

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Permits

• 105.7.6 Mandatory permit.
• A construction permit is required to install,
  repair damage to, abandon, remove, place
  temporarily out of service, or close or
  substantially modify a storage facility or other
  area regulated by Chapter 27 when the hazardous
  materials in use or storage exceed the amounts
  listed in Table 105.6.21.

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Permits

• EXCEPTIONS
• 1. Routine maintenance
• 2. For emergency repair work performed on an
  emergency basis, application for permit shall be
  made within two working days of commencement of
  work.

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Permits

• 105.6.21 Optional Permit.
• An operational permit may be required to store,
  transport on site, dispense, use or handle
  hazardous materials in excess of the amounts
  listed in Table 105.6.21.
• May be required in some jurisdictions by local
  ordinance

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HMMP

• Where required by the code official, each
  application for a permit shall include a
  Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP). The
  HMMP shall include a facility site plan
  designating the following
• 1. Storage and use areas.
• 2. Maximum amount of each material stored or used
  in each area.
• 3. Range of container sizes.
• 4. Locations of emergency isolation and
  mitigation valves and devices.

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HMMP cont.

• 5. Product conveying piping containing liquids or
  gases, other than utility-owned fuel gas lines
  and low-pressure fuel gas lines.
• 6. On and off positions of valves for valves that
  are of the self-indicating type.
• 7. Storage plan showing the intended storage
  arrangement, including the location and
  dimensions of aisles.
• 8. The location and type of emergency equipment.
• The plans shall be legible and drawn
  approximately to scale. Separate distribution
  systems are allowed to be shown on separate
  pages.

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HMIS

• Where required by the code official, an
  application for a permit shall include a HMIS,
  such as SARA Title III, Tier II Report, or other
  approved statement. The HMIS shall include the
  following information
• 1. Manufacturer's name.
• 2. Chemical name, trade names, hazardous
  ingredients.
• 3. Hazard classification.

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HMIS cont.

• 4. MSDS or equivalent.
• 5. United Nations (UN), North America (NA) or the
  Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) identification
  number.
• 6. Maximum quantity stored or used on-site at one
  time.
• 7. Storage conditions related to the storage
  type, temperature and pressure.

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Hazardous Occupancies

• Hazardous Group H occupancy includes, among
  others, the use of a building or structure, or a
  portion thereof, that involves the manufacturing,
  processing, generation or storage of materials
  that constitute a physical or health hazard
  in quantities in excess of those found in Tables
  307.7(1) and 307.7(2) of the North Carolina
  Building Code.

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Hazardous Occupancies

• Physical hazards
• Table 307.7(1)
• Health hazards
• Table 307.7(2)

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Hazardous Occupancies

• Stricter code requirements for Group H
  occupancies
• Building height and area restrictions
• Separation requirements
• Increased fire protection
• Ventilation
• Other special features

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Hazardous Occupancies

• H-1 Detonation hazard
• H-2 Deflagration hazard
• H-3 Physical hazard
• H-4 Health hazard
• H-5 HPM facility (semiconductor fabrication)
• Refer to table 307.7(1) to determine group

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Hazardous Occupancies

• Maximum allowable quantities per control area
  (MAQPCA)
• exempt amount
• storage or use?
• Same tables are listed in Chapter 27 of the North
  Carolina Fire Code

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Control Area?

• Spaces within a building which are enclosed and
  bounded by exterior walls, fire walls, fire
  barriers and roofs, or a combination thereof,
  where quantities of hazardous materials not
  exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per
  control area are stored, dispensed, used or
  handled.

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Control area concept
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Chapter 27 Hazardous Materials

• 2701/2703 general requirements for all
  hazardous materials regardless of amount
• 2704 special requirements for storage if above
  MAQPCA
• 2705 special requirements for use if above
  MAQPCA

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Quantities lt MAQPCA

• 2703.1.3 The storage, use and handling of
  hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding the
  maximum allowable quantity per control area
  shall be in accordance with Sections 2701 and
  2703.
• General requirements

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General Requirements

• Systems, equipment, and processes
• Approved containers
• Piping, valves, fittings
• Listed equipment
• Installation of tanks
• Liquid-level limit control for tanks gt 500
  gallons
• Maintenance
• Seismic bracing for equipment

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General Requirements

• Release of hazardous materials
• Unauthorized discharge must be reported
• MSDS readily available
• NFPA 704 placards
• If quantity requires a permit

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NFPA 704
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General Requirements

• Control of ignition sources
• Smoking, open flames, industrial trucks
• Construction requirements
• Buildings
• Control areas
• Gas rooms
• Exhausted enclosures
• Gas cabinets
• Haz-mat storage cabinets

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General Requirements

• General safety precautions
• Personnel training/procedures
• Fire department liaison
• Security
• Vehicle impact protection
• Electrical wiring approved
• Static accumulation (flammable mixture)
• Light/shock sensitive materials
• Separation of incompatible materials
• Shelf storage

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General Requirements

• Handling transportation
• Valve protection for gas cylinders
• Toxic/highly toxic compressed gas - must have
  outlets capped or plugged
• Approved carts/trucks required to transport
• gt 5 gallons in corridor or exit enclosure
• Material with NFPA 704 rating of 3 or 4

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Quantities gt MAQPCA

• 2703.1.4 The storage and use of hazardous
  materials exceeding the maximum allowable
  quantity per control area shall be in accordance
  with this chapter.
• 2701/2703 general requirements
• 2704 - storage
• 2705 - use

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Storage

• Spill control
• Individual vessels gt 55 gallons
• Aggregate of multiple vessels gt 1000 gallons
• Secondary containment
• Same as above for liquids
• 550/10,000 lbs.for solids

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Storage

• Ventilation
• 1 cfm per square foot of floor area
• Separation of incompatible materials
• 3 options
• 20 ft distance
• Noncombustible partition
• Cabinet or exhausted enclosure

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Storage

• Fire protection
• Minimum sprinkler design Ordinary Hazard Group
  2, design area 3,000 square feet
• Explosion control
• As required by Table 911.1 (Fire Code)

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Storage

• Standby/emergency power
• Ventilation systems
• Treatment systems
• Temperature control
• Alarm/detection equipment
• Limit controls
• Temperature/pressure

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Storage

• Manual fire alarm system
• Electrical supervision for all fire protection
  systems
• Noncombustible floors
• Outdoor control areas
• Weather protection
• Clearance from vegetation

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Dispensing Use

• Separation of incompatible materials
• 3 options
• 20 ft distance
• Noncombustible partition
• Cabinet or exhausted enclosure
• Noncombustible floors
• Also must be liquid-tight for dispensing/use in
  open systems

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Dispensing Use

• Spill control
• Dispensed into vessels gt 1.3 gallons
• Open system use gt 5.3 gallons
• Closed system use gt 55 gallons

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Dispensing Use

• Secondary containment
• Open systems
• Individual vessel gt 1.3 gallons
• Multiple vessels gt 5.3 gallons
• Closed systems
• Individual vessel gt 55 gallons
• Multiple vessels gt 1,000 gallons

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Dispensing Use

• Limit controls
• High-liquid-level for open containers
• Low-liquid-level
• Temperature
• Pressure

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Dispensing Use

• Standby/emergency power
• Ventilation systems
• Treatment systems
• Temperature control
• Alarm/detection equipment
• Electrical supervision for all fire protection
  systems
• Adequate lighting must be provided

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Dispensing Use

• Fire protection
• Minimum sprinkler design Ordinary Hazard Group
  2, design area 3,000 square feet
• Ventilation
• 1 cfm per square foot of floor area
• Explosion control
• As required by Table 911.1 (Fire Code)

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Dispensing Use

• Liquid transfer of material with NFPA 704 rating
  of 3 or 4
• Safety cans
• Closed piping system
• Suction pump on top of container
• Gravity through automatic-closing or self-closing
  valve w/ spill control and secondary containment
  provided
• Approved engineered systems

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Hazardous Materials

• Chapters 28-44 contain additional material-
  specific requirements for all physical and health
  hazard materials
• Flammable/combustible liquids
• Cryogenic fluids
• Corrosive materials
• Compressed gases
• Toxic materials
• Oxidizers

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Flammable Liquid Cabinets

• 120 gallons maximum per cabinet
• Not more than 60 gallons being Class I or II
• Maximum 3 cabinets in single fire area
• Factory/Industrial can exceed this limit with 100
  ft. separation between groups of 3

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Questions
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• Need to purchase code?
• NC Department of Insurance
• 322 Chapanoke Road
• Suite 200
• Raleigh, NC 27603
• [phone]
• www.ncdoi.com