Chapter 6 The Integumentary System

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Chapter 6The Integumentary System

• Skin, nails, hair, glands and nerve endings makes
  up the INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
• Skin is largest organ of the body
• Two parts
• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Subcutaneous (SubQ), deep to dermis also called
  superficial fascia or hypodermis

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Skin Anatomy EPIDERMIS

• Five layers (deep to superficial i.e. from bottom
  to top)
• Stratum BASAL (base) AKA Stratum Germinativum
  (jer-mi-na-TE-vum) germ
• Stratum SPINOSUM (spines like)
• Stratum GRANULOSUM
• Stratum LUCIDUM (clear as in lucid thinking)
• FOUND IN PALMS and FEET ONLY
• Stratum CORNEUM (think of it like a crown) really
  means horn
• (Big Sweet Guys Love Candy)

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Skin Anatomy detailsEPIDERMIS

• EPI above, ( the epitome of boredom)
• Cells
• KERATINOCYTES, protein Keratin, waterproofs,
  protects, (never needs ironing)
• MELANOCYTES- black-brown pigment, protects
  nucleus from the suns UV rays
• Langerhans- immunity
• Merckel- touch-

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Skin Anatomy DetailsDERMIS

• Dermal Papillae fingerprints
• Meissners Corpuscles touch (touch ME) in
  dermal papillae
• Extensibility- stretch ability
• Elasticity- bounce back ability

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Fingerprints

• Epidermal ridges
• Conform to the underlying dermal papillae
• Increase grip by increasing friction
• Unique for everyone
• each finger maybe different
• Comes in, loops, arches, whorls (LAW)

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Skin facts

• Callus will occur in the epidermis
• Stretch marks occur in the dermis
• The closest estimate of the average thickness of
  the skin is 1.5 mm
• We get new skin every 2-4 weeks
• Seventy-five percent of house dust is dead skin
• As cells migrate to the surface they lose their
  nucleus and so become ________

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Subcutaneous Fat Distribution
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Skin Colors

• Blacks Melanin
• Asians Carotene
• Whites Little melanin, carotene and blood
  hemoglobin
• Albinos lack melanocytes YES NO

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Abnormal Skin Colors

• Cyanosis is blueness
• Erythema is redness can be from sunburn,
  exercise, initially noted in trauma, physical
  abuse
• Hematoma is the result of the trauma
• bleeding into tissue, blue/black bruise, visible
  clotted blood
• Jaundice is yellowness
• Pallor is paleness
• Anemia- (often blue whites of the eyes)
• Albinism
• Lines of Cleavage lines of collagen, denotes a
  good surgeon from a poor one from scar

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Skin Markings

• Hemangiomas (birthmarks)
• discolored skin caused by benign tumors of dermal
  blood capillaries (strawberry birthmarks
  disappear in childhood -- port wine birthmarks
  last for life)
• Freckles moles aggregations of melanocytes
• freckles are flat moles are elevated
• Flexion creases form after birth by repeated
  closing of the hand

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Functions of the Skin

• Receptors for sensory functions
• heat, cold, touch, pressure, vibration pain
• Emotions/ Psychological
• facial expression and nonverbal communication
• appearance social acceptance
• D vitamin synthesis
• Temperature regulation
• sweat glands
• retain or dissipate heat
• Immunity
• Protection
• water barrier, UV barrier

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Hair Functions

• Hair protection from sun, heat loss
• Anatomy Shaft, root, follicle, bulbgrowth
• Sebaceous (oil) gland
• Arrector pili muscle goose bumps
• Body hair
• alerts us to bugs crawling on skin
• Scalp hair provides heat retention sunburn
  cover
• Pubic axillary hair indicate sexual maturity
  help distribute sexual scents

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Structure of Hair Follicle
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Nail

• Nails grow 1 mm per week Epidermal ridges
• Nails Body, free edge, root, eponychium
  (ep-o-NIK-e-um) cuticle, lunula (lacking in some
  fingers, usually)

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Cutaneous Glands

• Sweat glands
• Mammary glands
• modified sweat glands- secrete milk
• Additional nipples (polythelia)
• Sebaceous glands
• Ceruminous Glands (se-ROO- mi- nus) wax.
• Found only in external ear
• Cerumin is wax and oil (from sebaceous glands)
• With hairs prevents bugs from entering the ears

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Diseases of the Skin

• Skin cancer
• induced by UV rays of the sun
• basal cell carcinoma
• arises from stratum basale
• squamous cell carcinoma
• arises from stratum spinosum
• malignant melanoma (deadly cancer)
• from a preexisting mole
• SIGNS ABCD--Asymmetry,
• Border irregular,
• Color mixed Diameter over 6 mm
• Prevention
• beta-carotene, anti-oxidants,
• dermatologist exam

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Skin Treatment

• Pruritus (proo-RI-tus)- itching skin, oatmeal
• Acne- beta-carotene
• Cysts- black salve, enema
• Cold sores- Herpes I, L-lysine, acidophilus
• General skin care- dry brushing, sweating
• Whats good for the skin is good for the whole
  body. Why?

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Burns

• Third degree burn is painless, why?

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Sunscreens

• As sale of sunscreens has risen so has skin
  cancer
• those who use sunscreen have higher incidence of
  basal cell cancer
• chemical in sunscreen damage the skins DNA
• sunscreen can also generate harmful free radicals
• PABA, zinc oxide titanium dioxide

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MOVIE IS CANCELED

• Sorry, due to College policy