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AP Essay Introductions and Conclusions

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Title: AP Essay Introductions and Conclusions


1
AP Essay Introductions and Conclusions
  • L.J. Perales

2
INTRODUCTIONS
  • The Ultimate How-To

3
The Importance of an Introduction
  • The introduction is the first impression your
    reader gets of your writing quality.
  • You want your readers to know the direction
    youre going and follow easily.
  • A captivating, well-planned introduction will
    give your reader a sense of confidence for the
    essay and better receive what you have to say.

4
Essentials of the Introduction
  • Make Readers Interested
  • Use SOAPT
  • Introduce Argument or Topic
  • Write Your Thesis Statement
  • Introduce Essays Organizational Structure

5
Make Readers Interested
  • Begin by incorporating a relevant/essential
    quotation from primary or secondary texts.
  • Provide pertinent background information in
    well-constructed prose.
  • Present a controversial issue up front, before
    introducing a topic.

6
Identify SOAPT
  • Breakdown
  • Subject
  • Occasion
  • Audience
  • Purpose
  • Tone
  • Avoid using the aforementioned terms directly.

7
Introduce the Argument or Topic
  • Provide necessary definitions or explanations of
    argument or topic.
  • Add relevant background information that is
    necessary for your reader.
  • Consider incorporating a quotation from a primary
    or secondary text which lends to an understanding
    of your essay.

8
Write Your Thesis Statement
  • This is one to two sentences that state the
    purpose of your essay
  • States the topic
  • States the point you are going to make
  • Your thesis does NOT include personal statements.
  • Your thesis is direct, concise, and clear.

9
Introduce Essays Organizational Pattern
  • Briefly introduce the points that will be
    explored.
  • Introduce the points in the order in which they
    will be discussed.
  • This gives a direction or blueprint for your
    paper.

10
CONCLUSIONS
  • The Ultimate How-To

11
Importance of a Conclusion
  • This is the last impression of your writing that
    a reader is left with.
  • A good conclusion will address all concepts
    explored in an essay, giving the reader a sense
    of completion.
  • You only have one chance to leave off on a solid
    note this is where you hit it home!

12
Writing Different Types of Conclusion
  • Your conclusion will vary given the purpose of
    your essay. For AP Prompts, you will encounter
    three types
  • The Synthesis Essay
  • The Argument/Persuasive Essay
  • The Analytical Essay
  • Conclusions for personal narratives vary
    drastically from formal essay writing for our
    purposes, we will explore the three essential AP
    prompts.

13
The Synthesis Essay Conclusion
  • Restate topic and its importance.
  • Restate your thesis in varying words.
  • Briefly summarize each of your essays points (no
    more than a sentence for each).
  • Consider incorporating a key quotation from one
    of the primary texts which cements your
    standpoint.
  • When necessary, call for action or research
    possibilities.

14
The Argument/Persuasive Essay Conclusion
  • Restate topic and its importance.
  • Briefly address opposing viewpoints
  • Restate your thesis in varying words.
  • Remind readers of your essays points.
  • Use language that urges the reader to agree with
    your position.
  • When necessary, call for action or research
    possibilities.

15
The Analytical Essay Conclusion
  • Comment on the big picture of the essay you are
    analyzing bring it back into context.
  • Briefly summarize the techniques employed by the
    author that you explored in your paper, but do
    not give specifics.
  • Write a conclusive statement that reflects on the
    piece as youve perceived it.

16
AP Essay Introductions and Conclusions
  • Student Writing Samples

17
The Synthesis Essay Prompt
18
Synthesis Essay Introduction
  • Can a mind learn under bounds? With such
    strict rules in schools today, children are
    facing bounds which strip them of their
    individuality. Therefore, which is more
    important conformity or individuality? To
    succeed, we need freedom we need to be able to
    exercise and stretch to our reach. Rules that
    constrict us into tight spots are killing
    childrens desires to learn. Uniforms, tight
    schedules, mandatory classes, and dress codes are
    all taking away a childs right to learn freely.
    Individuality is more important than conformity
    and this individuality needs to be recognized by
    school systems.

19
Synthesis Essay Conclusion
  • When bound, how can one move or do anything?
    They cannot. This is what schools are doing
    they are binding childrens minds by not allowing
    them to think on their own. School systems need
    to let the children go, set them free. No more
    dress codes or mandatory classes. Students must
    be allowed to study what they want as they choose
    and dress as they prefer. It is time to free the
    students to think to their full limits.

20
The Argument/Persuasion Essay Prompt
21
Argument/Persuasion Essay Introduction
  • When the last time that anyone claimed that
    television was represents real life? When has
    television, in general, ever been touted as a way
    to become more familiar with ones own position
    in the rat race of life? If this were the true
    purpose of media, SpongeBob would spend his days
    fighting insurance lawsuits, Dr. Phil would
    interview normal, middle-aged couch-potatoes, and
    Indiana Jones would spend his days cataloguing
    pottery fragments. Ehrenreich is right to call
    the world inside the black box eerie and
    unnatural it was never intended to be anything
    else.

22
Argument/Persuasion Essay Conclusion
  • Television, as well as most things, is best
    taken in moderation. Too much of it may turn an
    intelligent individual into a slovenly
    couch-potato. Despite this, television has
    certainly done more good than bad, while
    recognizing that it does have the potential for
    both. In the end, the effect that television has
    on society is determined by the viewer. I choose
    what I expose myself to, what I watch, what I
    think, what I believe thus, I, not anyone else,
    choose whether television is something eerie and
    unnatural or a harmless diversion. Why do we
    keep on watching? Because it is our choice to
    make, and our decision whether or not to be
    influenced by what we see.

23
The Analytical Essay Prompt
24
Analytical Introduction
  • In The Indispensable Opposition, Walter
    Lippmann asserts that the freedoms we have fought
    to give ourselves, those of opinion and speech,
    exist only because the existence of many views
    allows your own to evolve. Lippmann takes a
    disparaging attitude towards those who champion
    these rights on the basis that all deserve them,
    and instead points out to the reader how they,
    along with everyone else, could be lacking if
    those rights were not freely distributed.
    Persuasive speech, choice diction, appeals to
    tradition and logic all contribute to Lippmanns
    ability to fully develop his argument.

25
Analytical Conclusion
  • Through an assertive voice, Lippmann
    continually supports his premise that liberty
    comes through toleration. Lippmanns awareness
    of argumentative techniques is evidenced by his
    persuasive language, specific word choice, and
    his rhetorical appeals. By stating the opposing
    viewpoint from the very beginning, that freedom
    is a noble gift rather than a need, Lippmann
    allows himself to launch a trade against this
    view that lasts the entirety of his piece.

26
AP Essay Introductions and Conclusions
  • L.J. Perales
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