Powered Industrial Trucks

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Powered Industrial Trucks

• Safety requirements relating to fire protection,
  design, maintenance, and use of fork trucks,
  tractors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand
  trucks, and other specialized industrial trucks
  powered by electric motors or internal combustion
  engines.

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ANSI Standards

• All new powered industrial trucks acquired and
  used by an employer shall meet "American National
  Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks, Part II,
  ANSI B56.1-1969"

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ANSI Standards

• Approved trucks shall bear a label or some other
  identifying mark indicating approval by the
  testing laboratory.
• American National Standard for Powered Industrial
  Trucks, Part II, ANSI B56.1-1969

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ANSI Plate

• Load plate identifies the capacity, operation,
  and maintenance instruction plates, tags, or
  decals shall be displayed on the trucks.
• After market attachments may not be included on
  the plates weight.
• Make sure that all nameplates and markings are in
  place and are maintained in a legible condition.

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The Physics of a Forklift

• How does a typical powered industrial truck work?
• IE How does a forklift truck lift weight?
• What is the stability triangle?
• Which wheels are used to steer a forklift truck?
• What information is contained on the forklift
  load plate?
• Where is the fulcrum point located on forklift
  truck?

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Powered Industrial Trucks

• Are powered industrial trucks covered by OSHA?
• How would I know if a particular powered
  industrial truck falls under the OSHA standards?
  (1910.178)
• Are there any age limitations for driving a
  forklift truck?

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Designations

• For the purpose of this standard there are eleven
  different designations of industrial trucks or
  tractors as follows D, DS, DY, E, ES, EE, EX, G,
  GS, LP, and LPS.

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TYPES OF POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS

• D - DIESEL
• G - GASOLINE
• E - ELECTRIC
• L - LP GAS

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DIESEL

• D - STANDARD
• DS - EXHAUST, ELECTRICAL, AND FUEL SYSTEMS
  SAFEGUARDED
• DY - NO ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS TEMP LIMITS

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ELECTRIC

• E - STANDARD
• ES - EXHAUST, ELECTRICAL, AND FUEL SYSTEMS
  SAFEGUARDED
• EE- ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ENCLOSED
• EX-EXPLOSION PROOF

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GASOLINE

• G-STANDARD
• GS- EXHAUST, ELECTRICAL, AND FUEL SYSTEMS
  SAFEGUARDED

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LP GAS

• LP-STANDARD
• LPS- EXHAUST, ELECTRICAL, AND FUEL SYSTEMS
  SAFEGUARDED

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SELECTION OF TRUCKS

• CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENT
• TYPE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PRESENT

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Hazardous Environments

• Class I
• Locations where flammable and combustible gases,
  vapors are or may be present under normal
  operations.
• Class II
• Locations where combustible dusts are present.
• Class III
• Locations where easily ignitable fibers are
  present.

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Flammable and Combustible Vapors

• Class I Division 1
• Conditions continuously exist or periodically
  under operating conditions.
• Division 2
• Conditions may exist due to an accident (IE
  ruptured drum).

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Dusts

• Class II Division 1
• Conditions continuously exist or periodically
  under operating conditions.
• Division 2
• Conditions may exist due build up of dusts in
  equipment or where dusts may be ignited by sparks.

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Fibers

• Class III Division 1
• Locations in which easily ignitable fiber
  materials are handled producing combustible
  flyings.
• Division 2
• Locations where easily ignitable fiber materials
  are stored.

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Groups

• Acetylene
• Hydrogen
• Ethyl ether
• Gasoline, acetone, etc.
• Metal Dust
• Carbon black, coal dust
• Grain Dust
• Cocoa fiber, jute, cotton fiber, etc.

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Forklift Refueling

• When refueling gasoline, diesel, and LPG gas, all
  open flames and sources of ignition must be kept
  away.
• Fire extinguishers should be made available.
• No smoking.

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Batteries

• Hazardous gases and fumes being evolved from the
  batteries
• Batteries can explode under recharging
  conditions, acids can be splashed

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Acid Hazards

• A carboy tilter or siphon shall be provided for
  handling electrolyte.
• Always add acid to the water. (A in W)
• Eyewash stations
• Acid neutralizing systems (Emergency showers)

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Operations

• Operators must be trained
• No one shall be allowed to stand under a load.
• When unattended, load must be lowered, controls
  neutralized, brakes set, truck shut off
• Unattended - more than 25 feet away or out of
  line of vision

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Safety platform

• Secured to truck
• Controls on the platform itself

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Traveling

• Right of way
• Stay to the right
• Slow down and blow horn at intersections where
  view is obstructed

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Traveling

• Mast shall be tilted backwards
• When ascending or descending, the load goes
  upward.
• Drive with mast down a few inches above the floor.

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Loading and Unloading
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Wheel Stops

• The brakes of highway trucks shall be set and
  wheel chocks placed under the rear wheels to
  prevent the trucks from rolling while they are
  boarded with powered industrial trucks.

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Trains

• Wheel stops or other recognized positive
  protection shall be provided to prevent railroad
  cars from moving during loading or unloading
  operations.

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Dockboards and Bridge Plates

• Positive protection shall be provided to prevent
  trucks and railroad cars from being moved while
  dockboards or bridge plates are in position.

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Steps in Loading and Unloading

• The forklift Operator shall ensure
• Set brakes
• Block wheels
• Check flooring of trucks, trailers, railcars

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Training

• The employer shall ensure that each powered
  industrial truck operator is competent to operate
  a powered industrial truck safely, as
  demonstrated by the successful completion of the
  training and evaluation required under the law.
• Prior to permitting an employee to operate a
  powered industrial truck, the employer shall
  ensure that each operator has successfully
  completed the training

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Training Components

• Training shall consist of a combination of formal
  instruction (e.g., lecture, discussion,
  interactive computer learning, video tape,
  written material), practical training
  (demonstrations performed by the trainer and
  practical exercises performed by the trainee),
  and evaluation of the operator's performance in
  the workplace.

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Training program content

• Operating instructions, warnings, and precautions
  for the types of truck the operator will be
  authorized to operate
• List of topics required in the standard

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Refresher training and evaluation

• Refresher training, including an evaluation of
  the effectiveness of that training, shall be
  conducted to ensure that the operator has the
  knowledge and skills needed to operate the
  powered industrial truck safely

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Refresher Training Required When

• The operator
• has been observed to operate the vehicle in an
  unsafe manner
• has been involved in an accident or near-miss
  incident
• has received an evaluation that reveals that the
  operator is not operating the truck safely
• is assigned to drive a different type of truck
• The workplace changes in a manner that could
  affect safe operation of the truck.

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Maximum Length Between Training

• An evaluation of each powered industrial truck
  operator's performance shall be conducted at
  least once every three years.

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Inspections

• Once a day
• Continuously - Before each shift

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Walking Working Surfaces

• At what fall distance do I need to protect
  workers on walking/working surfaces?
• General Industry?
• Construction Industry?
• Residential construction?
• Alternative work practices for residential
  construction

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Guarding

• Floor holes
• Floor openings
• Skylight openings
• Wall openings
• Wall holes
• Stairways

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Standard Railings

• What constitutes a standard railing?
• What are some of the design criteria for general
  industry?
• Do the design criteria differ in the construction
  industry?

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Tribology

• What is tribology?
• What role does friction play in slip and fall
  hazards?
• How is slip resistance measured?
• Are there any guidelines for slip resistance and
  walking surfaces?