Concave/Convex Mirror Image Formation Rules

1
Concave/Convex Mirror Image Formation Rules

• Parallel Rays - Light rays parallel to the
  principal axis are reflected through the focus of
  the mirror.
• 2. Focus Rays - Light rays through the focus of
  the mirror are reflected parallel to the
  principal axis.
• 3. Chief Rays Light rays through the center of
  curvature of the mirror are reflected back along
  the same path.
• 4. Vertex Rays Light rays that strike the
  mirror at its vertex leave at the same angle that
  it entered.

2
Object Located Beyond f and C.
1
4
object
3
2
C
f
2
image
4
3
1
3
Concave Mirror Image Formation for an Object Less
than f
2
object
C
image
f
3
1
4
4
Convex Mirror Image Formation
1
3
2
image
f
C
object
4
5
Concave Mirror Image Formation

• Concave Mirror Beyond C
• Concave Mirror Between C and f
• Concave Mirror Image Formation Less than f

6
Lenses
The focal length for a lens is dependent on both
the curvature of the lens, and the lens material.
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Convex Lens (Converging Lens)
f
All light rays parallel to the principal axis
converge to the focal point after passing
through the convex lens.

• Image Properties
• Image Type Real or Virtual
• Image Orientation Inverted or Erect
• Image Height (Size) Smaller, Larger, Same
• Image Distance Closer, Farther, Same
• The image properties of a convex lens are the
  same as a concave mirror.

8
Concave Lens (Diverging Lens)
f
Image Properties Image Type Virtual Image
Orientation Erect Image Size Smaller Image
Distance Closer
The light rays parallel to the principal axis
refract and diverge after going through the lens,
such that if the refracted light rays are
extended backwards, then the rays would converge
at the focal point for the lens.

• The image properties of a concave lens are the
  same as a convex mirror.

9
Lens Ray Image Formation Rules

• Parallel Ray A light ray parallel to the
  principal axis is refracted towards the lens
  focus.
• 2. Focal Ray - A light ray passing through the
  focus refracts parallel to the principal axis.
• 3. Chief Ray A light passing through the
  center of the lens continues traveling along its
  original path unaffected by the lens.

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Convex Lens Ray Diagram(Beyond f)
1
1
2
3
image
f
2f
object
2f
f
3
2
11
Convex Lens Ray Diagram(Less than f)
2
2
1
1
image
object
f
2f
f
2f
3
12
Concave Lens Ray Diagram
1
1
object
2
2
3
image
f
f
2f
2f
3
13
Image Properties Graphic (Converging Instruments)
object
Cgtdogtf, dogtC, higtho, real
do from 8
When do8, dif, hiltltho, real
f
C
When doltf, digtdo, higtho, virtual
dof, di8, no image
When doC, diC, hiho, real
image
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Convex Mirror Image Formation
dolt8, diltf, hiltho, virtual
image
f
C
object
do8, dif, hiltltho, virtual
15
Concave Lens Ray Diagram
object
f
f
2f
2f
do8, dif, hiltltho, virtual
dolt8, diltf, hiltho, virtual
image
16
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