UTTAR PRADESH

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MAHARASHTRA

UTTAR PRADESH
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MAHARASHTRA
CLIMATE
The climate of Maharashtra is typically monsoonal
in character, with 'hot' rainy and cold weather
seasons. The months of March-April and May are
maximum heat. During this season, especially in
April and May thunderstorms are a common feature
all over the state. The first week of June is the
time for the onset of the south-west monsoon.
Rains spread out  from the south western and
western sides all over Maharashtra. July is the
wettest month and August is substantially rainy,
by September  the south west monsoonal current
weakens. October marks the transition from the
rainy season to winter. The general drying up of
the land and greater sunshine, accompanied by
high humidity, produce familiar phenomenon of
'October heat'. From November to February there
is a cool dry spell, with clear skies gentle
breezes and pleasant weather, though the eastern
margins of Maharashtra receive some rainfall.
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UTTAR PRADESH
CLIMATE
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MAHARASHTRA
PHYSIOGRAPHY
AREA 307,690 SQ. KM CAPITAL
MUMBAI LANGUAGE
MARATHI DISTRICTS 35 POPULATION
78,937,187 MALES
40,652,056 FEMALE
38,285,131 LITERACY 60.96
Maharashtra is the third largest state in India
both in area and population. The state is bounded
by the Arabian Sea in the west, Gujarat in the
north west, Madhya Pradesh in the north and the
east, Andhra Pradesh in the south east and
Karnataka and Goa in the south.
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UTTAR PRADESH
PHYSIOGRAPHY
AREA
294,441,SqKm CAPITAL
LUKHNOW LANGUAGE HINDI DISTRICTS
70 POPULATION
139,112,2877 MALES
73,745,997 FEMALES
65,014,423 LICTERACY 11.71
A part of Uttar Pradesh has been separated and
formed into a new state Uttrakhand on November
9th 2000
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MAHARASHTRA
HISTORY
Marathwada  which comprises Maharashtra today.
This region was a part of the Mauryan empire.
After the fall of the Mauryan,  Maharashtra was
ruled by diverse dynasties, each adding to the
cultural flavour of the region and each leaving
behind its own distinctive marks.  The
Satavahanas administrated this area followed by
the -Vakatas, the Rashtrakutas, Kalachuris,
Chalukyas and the Yadhavas. In about the 11th
century AD the Delhi Sultanate established their
rule. This was overthrown by the Bahmani dynasty
which ruled till the end of the 15the century. 
The 17th century heralded the sudden rise in
power of the Maraths-Marathi speaking Hindu
warriors of the region. The Marathas emerged as a
strong power under Shivaji  who ruled from 1646
to 1680. The Peshwas who succeeded  Shivaji built
up a Maratha empire which extended from Gwalior
in the north to Tanjore in the south, till the
18th century after which the British exercised
their influence in  this region. From 1818 it
became a part of the Bombay Presidency. In the
year 1960 Under the Bombay Re-organization Act,
Maharashtra and Gujarat were separated and
Maharashtra attained statehood.
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UTTAR PRADESH
HISTORY
Uttar Pradesh forms a major area of the Northern
fertile plain or the Indo-Gangetic plain. This
area is said to have been occupied by the group
of people referred to as "Dasas" by the Aryans.
Their main occupation of these inhabitants was
agriculture. Till BC 2000 the Aryans had not
settled in this region. It was through conquest
that the Aryans occupied this area and laid the
foundations of a Hindu civilization. The regions
of Uttar Pradesh was said to have been the
ancient Panchala country. The great war of the
Mahabharata between the Kauravas and Pandavas was
said to have been fought here. Besides the Kurus
and Panchalas the Vatsas, the Kosis, Hosalas,
Videhas etc formed the early region of Uttar
Pradesh. These areas were called Madhyadesa. It
was during the Aryan inhabitation that the epics
of Mahabharata, Ramayana, the Brahamanas  and
Puranas were written. During the reign of Ashoka,
works for public welfare was taken up. Having
rich resources there was active trade within and
outside the country. The rule of the Magadha
empire brought Buddhism and Jainism into this
region. This period witnessed administrative and
economic advancement.
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THE PEOPLE
MAHARASHTRA
Maharashtra's diversity of physical features and
geography is reflected in her people and culture.
Virtually every major is represented in the
state. The Deccan Plateau in Central Maharashtra
is largely populated by tribal groups. The Bhils,
Mahadeo Kolis, Gonds and Warlis are the largest
tribal communities. On the northwestern coast,
the Warlis continue their frugal, reflective
existence, worshipping the mother goddess. Warli
myths reveal that death came upon the human race
as a result of the humiliation of Mother Earth.
The Warlis appease this goddess of creative
energy, the corn goddess and the goddess of trees
and plants. Their death songs attempt to unravel
the mysteries of life and death, revealing their
simple awe of nature in all its innocence. 
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UTTAR PRADESH
THE PEOPLE
Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in the
Indian Union. Kanpur is the biggest city in the
state. Other big cities are Agra, Varanasi and
Allahabad.  The Brahmins, Kshatriyas and
Vaishyas, the three upper castes people of the
state who have dominated the political and
economic scene over the centuries are in a
minority. A major group comprises of the backward
classes, scheduled castes and tribes. The tribal
population is largely concentrated in the hill,
terai-bhabhar and Vindhya regions. The central
government has recognised five of the tribal
communities, viz. Tharus, Bhoksas, Bhotias,
Jaunswaris and Rajis as scheduled tribes. Besides
the upper class, there are also other Hindu and
Muslim communities. The scheduled castes and
scheduled tribes live in rural areas and are
mostly dependent on agriculture, forming the
landless labour class.
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MAHARASHTRA
FESTIVALS
Maharashtra is the centre of many religious and
cultural traditions. In Maharashtrian villages,
life revolves around fairs and festivals. In
early January people celebrate Makar Sankranti,
the passing of the sun from Dhanu (Sagittarius)
to Makar (Capricorn). The sky is ablaze with
colorful kites
Gudhi Padwa is the new year for the
Maharashtrians. On this day people offer rituals,
prayers, prasad of neem leaves, gram pulse and
jagerry and they buy new clothes During

April, Mahavir Jayanti is celebrated when
thousands of jains make pilgrimages to Bahubali,
Buddha Purnima is celebrated in May. Muslims
celebrate Bakrid in the same month and Muharram
is witnessed in June in remembrance of the
Prophet Mohammed on his death anniversary. The
full moon of Shravana is celebrated around August
as Shravani Purnima, Rakhi Purnima and Raksha
Bandhan. In the coastal areas it is celebrated as
Narli Purnima The most important Mahrashtrian
festival is Ganesh Chaturthi, in honour of Lord
Ganesh. It is the birthday of Ganesh - the
elephant headed son of Shiva and
Parvathi Dussehra  and Diwali are celebrated in
October and November. Dussehra which is the
celebration of good over evil is an auspicious
day for new ventures.
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FESTIVALS
UTTAR PRADESH
The important Hindu festivals of Uttar Pradesh
are Navaratri, Diwali, Shivaratri, Raksha
Bandhan and Janmashtami 
Karva Chauth this festival falls on nine days
after Dussehra on the fourth day of the dark
fortnight of Kartika .karva chauth is held by
married Hindu women for the safety and prosperity
of their husbands
Annakoot is celebrated which is devoted to
feasting and Govardhan puja in the evening and
rounded up next day by Bhaiya Dooj when sisters
apply vermilion tika (auspicious mark) on the
forehead of their brothers who reward them with
money.
Shitla Ashtami, which falls on eight day after
Holi, is devoted to the goddess of small-pox,
followed by Ram Navami on Chaitra Sudi Navami,
commemorating the birth of Lord Rama Baisakhi
Purnima, a big bathing day Bargadee Amavasya in
Jaistha Dussehra, another great bathing day Guru
Purnima in Asadh when Vyas Puja is held and Nag
Panchami dedicated to the worship of the Snake
God, Shesha
Janmashtami is the most important Hindu festival
celebrating the birthday of Lord Krishna.
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MAHARASHTRA
Maharashtra has made great studies in the
industrial sphere with Bombay city as the centre.
The state accounts for 23 of the gross value of
Industrial output in the country. Maharashtra has
had a great tradition in textiles and Bombay
city was original home of India's textile mills
and other centres of weaving has come up like
Malegaon and Bhewandi. Sugar industry has made
substantial progress specially in the
co-operative sector. Maharashtra is known for the
development of sugar industry on co-operative
lines in which the formers acquire a share in the
sugar mills, Pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals,
heavy chemicals, electronics, automobiles,
engineering, food processing, and plastics are
some of  the major industries of the state.
Maharashtra is noted for the production of 3
wheels, jeeps, commercial vehicles and cars,
synthetic fibers, and cold rolled products and
industrial alcohol. Small scale industries have
also come up in a big way in the state.
INDUSTRIES
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UTTAR PRADESH
There are different types of minerals and several
industries have came up based on the minerals.
There are cement plants in the Mirzapur area in
the Vindhya region, a bauxite based aluminium
plant in the Banda area and copper in Pithora
Garh, Almora Chamboli and Tehri Garhwal. In the
hills a number of minerals are to be found,
mainly non-metallic minerals which are used as
industrial raw materials. Coal deposits are found
in the Singrauli area. The industries include a
large printing establishment units engaged in
manufacturing of scales, locks, letter boxes,
furniture, badges and belts, leather goods,
scissors etc. Handloom, carpet, glass, electrical
goods, electro plating, building material
industries are also found in the city.
INDUSTRIES
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MAHARASHTRA
AGICULTURE
Although, it is a highly indu strialized state
of India, agriculture continues to be the main
occupation of the people. Principal crops include
rice, Jowar, Bajra, wheat, pulses, cotton,
sugarcane, several oil seeds including 
groundnut, sunflower and soybean, turmeric,
onions and other vegetables. The state has large
areas, under fruit cultivation of which  mangoes,
bananas, grapes, and two famous Nagpur oranges
are the main ones. Not
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UTTAR PRADESH
AGRICULTURE
The western region of the state is more advanced
in terms of agriculture. Majority of the
population depends upon farming as its main
occupation. Wheat, rice, sugar cane, pulses, oil
seeds and potatoes are its main products. Sugar
cane is an important cash crop almost through out
the state and sugar mills and other cane crushers
who produce gur and Khandsari are common
throughout the state. Uttar Pradesh is an
important state in so far as horticulture is
concerned. Apples and mangoes are produced in the
state.
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THE END
MADE BY KANIKSHA SHARMA VI C