SOUTH AMERICA II (CHAPTER 5: 234-263)

1
SOUTH AMERICA II(CHAPTER 5 234-263)
2
REGIONS OF THE REALM

• NORTH
• COLOMBIA
• VENEZUELA
• GUYANA
• SURINAME
• FRENCH GUIANA

BRAZIL

• WEST
• PERU
• ECUADOR
• BOLIVIA

• SOUTH
• ARGENTINA
• CHILE
• URUGUAY
• PARAGUAY

3
THE NORTH (CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA)
4
THE NORTH (CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA)

• VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA, GUYANA, SURINAME, FRENCH
  GUIANA
• REGIONAL CHARACTER COASTAL LOCATIONS, EARLY
  EUROPEAN PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT, FORCED MIGRATION
  OF BLACK LABORERS
• VENEZUELA 26.1 MILLION PEOPLE
• OIL FROM LAKE MARACAIBO IS CHIEF RESOURCE
• CARACUS VALENCIA - KEY CITIES

5
CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA(CONTINUED)

• COLOMBIA 45.2 MILLION PEOPLE
• COFFEE, OIL COAL - MAJOR EXPORTS
• COCAINE - LEADING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
• TORN BY INTERNAL VIOLENCE
• BOGOTA MEDELLIN - KEY CITIES
• THE GUIANAS (FRENCH GUIANA, GUYANA, SURINAME) -
  POPULATIONSlt 1.5 MILLION
• ETHNICALLY DIVERSE
• POVERTY STRICKEN
• FACE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS

6
THE WEST (ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA)
7
THE WEST(ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA)

• PERU, ECUADOR, BOLIVIA
• REGIONAL CHARACTER AMERINDIAN POPULATIONS,
  SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE, MOUNTAINOUS
  ENVIRONMENTS, POVERTY
• PERU 27.7 MILLION PEOPLE
• LIMA IS ITS PRIMATE CITY
• ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES - FISHING, IRRIGATED
  AGRICULTURE, SUGAR, COTTON, RICE, FRUIT, OIL,
  MINERALS (AN EMERGING ECONOMY!)

8
ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA(CONTINUED)

• ECUADOR - 13.6 MILLION PEOPLE
• MAIN EXPORTS OIL, COFFEE, CACAO, BANANAS
• GUAYAQUIL - LARGEST CITY AND COMMERCIAL CENTER
• QUITO - CAPITAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER
• BOLIVIA 9.2 MILLION PEOPLE (DISPERSED)
• LANDLOCKED
• MAIN EXPORTS TIN AND ZINC

9
THE SOUTH (SOUTHERN CONE)
10
THE SOUTH(MID-LATITUDE SOUTH AMERICA)

• THE SOUTHERN CONE ARGENTINA, CHILE, PARAGUAY,
  URUGUAY
• HEART OF EUROPEAN-COMMERCIAL CULTURE SPHERE
• ARGENTINA - 37.3 MILLION PEOPLE
• 90 URBANIZED, PERIPHERAL
• BUENOS AIRES - A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY
• EXPORTS CEREALS, MEATS, VEGETABLE OILS

11
THE SOUTHMID-LATITUDE SOUTH AMERICA (CONTINUED)

• URUGUAY - 3.4 MILLION PEOPLE
• MONTEVIDEO - CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY
• MOST EUROPEAN OF SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES
• EXPORTS HIDES, MEATS,TEXTILES
• PARAGUAY 6.3 MILLION
• 95 MESTIZO
• LANDLOCKED LOCATION
• CHILE 16 MILLION
• AN ELONGATED STATE
• EXPORTS COPPER AND NITRATES

12
BRAZIL

• SOUTH AMERICAS GIANT
• WORLD RANKINGS
• POPULATION SIZE - 5TH
• TERRITORY - 5TH
• ECONOMY - 8TH
• INDUSTRIAL BASE - 7TH

13
BRAZIL

• CONTAINS HALF THE CONTINENTS LAND AND PEOPLE
• A FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF 26 STATES
• ETHNIC DIVERSITY - MIXTURE OF EUROPEAN, AFRICAN,
  AND AMERINDIAN PEOPLES
• PORTUGUESE - SPEAKING ROMAN CATHOLIC ADHERENTS
• SUBSTANTIAL MINERAL RESOURCES IRON, ALUMINUM
  ORE, MANGANESE, OIL, AND GAS

14
A TWO CLASS SYSTEM?

• GNP PER CAPITA-7,300
• LARGEST INCOME GAP IN THE REALM
• WEALTHIEST 10 OF THE POPULATION...
• OWN 2/3 OF THE LAND
• CONTROL OVER 50 OF THE COUNTRYS WEALTH
• POVERTY HAS INCREASED BY 50 SINCE 1980

15
BRAZIL(CONTINUED)

• GREAT CITIES
• RIO DE JANEIRO - CULTURAL FOCUS
• SAO PAULO - INDUSTRIAL HUB
• BRASILIA - A FORWARD CAPITAL
• DEVELOPING THE AMAZON
• GROWTH POLE CONCEPT
• ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

16
FORWARD CAPITAL

• CAPITAL CITY POSITIONED IN A CONTESTED OR
  POTENTIALLY CONTESTED TERRITORY
• USUALLY NEAR AN INTERNATIONAL BORDER
• CONFIRMS THE STATES DETERMINATION TO MAINTAIN
  ITS PRESENCE IN THE TERRITORY UNDER CONTENTION
• ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA
• ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
• BRASILIA, BRAZIL (INTERNAL FRONTIER GROWTH
  POLE CONCEPT)

17
FORWARD CAPITAL - BRASILIA

• IS THE CAPITAL CITY POSITIONED IN A CONTESTED OR
  POTENTIALLY CONTESTED TERRITORY?
• IS IT NEAR AN INTERNATIONAL BORDER?
• DOES IT CONFIRM THE STATES INTENT TO MAINTAIN
  ITS PRESENCE IN THE TERRITORY UNDER CONTENTION?

18
GROWTH POLE THEORY

• AIMS TO PROMOTE GROWTH IN THE HINTERLANDS
• AUGMENTED BY INVESTMENT SUPPORT IN AN ATTEMPT TO
  SPREAD ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND BENEFITS
• CREATE JOBS IN DEPRESSED AREAS
• REDUCE UNEVEN CONCENTRATIONS OF WEALTH
• DECENTRALIZE INDUSTRY
• SETS OFF RIPPLES OF DEVELOPMENT

19
SAO PAULO

• STATUS OF SEPARATE STATE BECAUSE OF ITS SUCCESS
• LEADING INDUSTRIAL PRODUCER
• AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND EXPANSION
• COFFEE
• ORANGE JUICE
• SOYBEANS

20
SAO PAULOS SUCCESS STORY

• FAZENDAS
• REVENUES
• IMMIGRATION
• SKILLED LABOR
• RELATIVE LOCATION
• ORES FROM MINAS GERAIS
• HYDROELECTRIC POWER
• PORT OF SANTOS

21
SOUTH AMERICA II(CHAPTER 5 234-263)