Information Technology Key Techno-Economic Driver of 21st Century

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Information Technology Key Techno-Economic
Driver of 21st Century
Shri Rajeeva Ratna Shah Secretary
Department of Industrial Policy and
Promotion Ministry of Commerce
Industry Government of India
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The Broadening Sphere of Information Technology
INFORMATION
DATA
KNOWLEDGE
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Old Economy Capitalist Society (Legacy System) New Economy Information Society (Knowledge Society)
Core Competition is the key since capital is a limited and scarce resource Core Collaboration and sharing is the key since knowledge is inexhaustible
Capital diminishes with sharing Knowledge increases with sharing
Capital investments are one time and subject to low obsolescence Knowledge investments need continuous up-gradation and have high obsolescence
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Knowledge of the 21st Century
STHULA-JAGAT SOOKSMA-JAGAT Macrocosm
Microcosm
NANOTECH
ATOMS
Building Blocks Knowledge Tools of 21st Century
BIOTECH
COMPUTERS
GENES
BITS
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INDIA GIANT STRIDES IN IT SECTOR

• Industry size US 14 billion Export US 12
  billion
• 2008 target export US 50 billion
• CAGR (5 years)exceeding 50
• Job creation a million direct jobs indirectly
  2-3 Million jobs
• India is hosting 62 SEI/CMM level 5 companies,
  which represents more than half of world total.
• 250 Fortune 500 companies are sourcing software
  service from India
• 250 Software companies in India have ISO 9000
  certification.

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India as an International BPO Hub
Remote Delivery of Services

• Custom Software
• Call Centers
• Transcription Services
• Transaction Services
• Engineering Design
• Product and Process Development

An Emerging 100-150 billion Global Outsourcing
Access to Low Cost Talent
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COUNTRY ADVANTAGE LIKELY TO BE COMODITIZED
45-55
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30-35
Task aggregation And process level improvement
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INDIA AS AN EMERGING DESIGN SOURCE

• Hardware/embedded Software design emanating from
  MNCs in India
• e.g. Philips DVD video codec Apple iPod audio
  codec TI OMAP Microsoft J Adobe Reader for
  Palm iPaq Intel start-up utility Cisco IOS
  core components hp-ux, OpenView kernel Oracle
  Pro c components
• Hi-tech hardware/software product design by
  Indian IT companies
• e.g. MBIL 3rd global optical disk manufacturer
  VXL Instruments 3rd global terminal
  manufacturer HiCal supplies magnetics for
  global No 1 mobile handset manufacturer
  ImpulseSoft possibly the first global Bluetooth
  wireless earphone Manmar imaging software for
  Ultrasound scanners Purple Vision signal
  processor

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INDIA AS AN EMERGING RD HUB

• Microsoft, Intel, CISCO, DELL have major RD
  centers in India The biggest outside US
• Monsato - R D base in India - first outside USA
• GE - T9he Jack Welch Research Center in Bangalore
• HP Labs India has built a Prototype that Scan
  Handwritten Mail through a Small Handheld Device
• The Daimler Chrysler Research Center in Bangalore
  engaged in Fundamental and Applied Research in
  Avionics, Simulation and Software Development
• Whirlpools Pune Research Lab develops
  Refrigerators and Air Conditioners for Asia and
  Australia
• GE Motors India Developed a Noiseless Motor for
  GEs Most Sophisticated Washing Machine Lines in
  the USA

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SUPERCOMPUTING
Synonymous to Technologies which help in
achieving high computational and storage
capability for Mission Critical Grand Challenge
problems in Scientific Engineering and now in
Business computing domains.

• Advanced Computing
• High Performance Computing
• Cluster Computing
• Parallel Processing
• Vector Processing

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High Performance Computing (HPC)
Significant Developments made since late 80s
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EVOLUTION OF PARAM SUPER COMPUTERS
PARAM PADMA
Performance
1000 GFLOPS
100 GFLOPS
PARAM 10000
20 GFLOPS
10 GFLOPS
PARAM Open Frame
PARAM 9000
5 GFLOPS
PARAM ANANT
PARAM 8600
1 GFLOPS
PARAM 8000
1999
2000
2002
1993
1995
1997
Year
1991
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PARAM Padma
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PARAM Padma (Param 20K)

• One TF Peak Computing Power with several 100s GF
  Sustained Power on International Bench marks
• 5 TB Primary storage 10 TB Secondary storage
• Interconnect _at_ 2.5 GBPS two way with very low
• latency
• Flexible and Scalable Program development, System
  Engineering and System Management tools

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Applications of Supercomputing

• Bio technology bio computation
• Molecular Modeling
• Genomic Sequencing
• Nano technology nano computation
• Atmospherics Oceanics
• Weather Forcasting
• Climate modeling
• Computational Fluid dynamics for Space Science
  Applications
• Seismic Data Processing
• Structural Mechanics

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Future Developments
Computational Grids Connecting Number of HPC
Sites
IGrid A Project to Link 8 HPC Sites Providing
10 Teraflops of Computing Power and Petabytes of
Storage
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I Grid
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• Applications of Biotechnology

• Agricultural Biotech
• New crop research- transgenic crops
• Bio fertilizers
• Bio pest control
• Bio resource Development i.e. Bio-Diversity
  Parks

• Animal Biotech
• Vaccines for animals
• Acqua culture/marine biotech
• Seri - biotech

• Medical Biotech
• New drug discovery- Pharmaceutical biotech
• Diagnostics Applications
• Therapeutic Applications
• Prophylactic biotech

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Bio-informatics as a gateway
to New Drug Discovery

• Bio-informatics has been defined as the
  discipline that generates computational tools,
  databases, methods procedures to support
  genomic and post genomic research.
  Bio-informatics has been also described as a
  graceful blending of computer science and
  bio-technology. Bio-technology per se is
  experimentation in-vivo (in real life) and
  in-vitro (in test tubes) bio-informatics
  carries the experimentation a step further and
  makes it in-silico (in silicon / micro chip).

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Stupendous size of Genomic Data

• Genome sequencing taken up for 100 organisms
• Human Genome has 3.2 billion pairs of DNA
  sequences
• Data exploding _at_ 5000 DNA sequences or 2 million
  nucleotides/day
• Refinement, review, reclassification and
  annotation of the above data
• Information explosion a challenge to
  Knowledge Management

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Super computational support is required for
numerous functions involved in post genomic RD

• in-silico-computation and in-silico simulation
• In silico - drug target identification
• In silico - drug design (pharmaco genomics)
• In silico - toxicity testing
• In silico modelling

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The experimental (left) and computational (right)
hierarchies will increasingly become codependent
as the research community models greater
biological complexity
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• Current and Expected Sustained Capability
  Requirements for Major Community

Problem Class Sustained Capability 1999 Sustained Capability 2010
Sequence assembly gt 1012 flops 1014 flops
Binary sequence comparison 1012 flops gt 1014 flops
Multiple sequence comparison 1012 flops gt 1014 flops
Gene modeling gt 1015 flops 1017 flops
Phylogeny trees 1011 flops 1013 flops
Protein family classification gt 1010 flops 1012 flops
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EMERGING NODEs OF DRUG DISCOVERY RELATED
BIOTECH RD
IITs, CSIR Labs, DBT Labs Private Sector Players
(a) Delhi Cluster ICGEB International Centre for Genetic Engineering Biotechnology CBTCentre for Bio-Chem Technology IIT - Delhi JNU Jawaharlal Nehru University NII National Institute of Immunology Spectramind e-services Nicholas Piramal TCG Mascon Global Ltd.
(b) Calcutta Cluster Bose Institute ISI Indian Statistical Institute IICB Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Deptt. of Biophysics Molecular Biology Jadavpur University IIT - Khargpur (1) TCG The Chatterjee Group
(c) Bangalore Cluster IISc Indian Institute of Science IIT Madras Deptt. of Crystallography Biophysics Madras Bio-informatics Centre Madurai Strand Genomics Metahelix Kshema Technologies
(d) Hyderabad Cluster CCMB Centre for Cellular Molecular Biology CDFD Centre for DNA Fingerprinting Diagnostics Satyam Computers TCS Tata Consultancy Services Shanta Biotech
(e) Pune-Bombay Cluster Bio-informatics Centre IIT Bombay Others Avestha Gengrame Syngene DSQ - Software
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Indias Inherent Strengths

• High international profile of Software industry
• Vibrant pharmaceutical industry and rapidly
  emerging bio-tech industry
• World class network of educational and research
  institutions
• Rich Biodiversity
• Large population having reservoirs of valuable
  diagnostic and clinical data
• Known strengths in mathematics, logic and
  computational skills

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Nano World
Nanotechnology is concerned with the design and
manufacture of molecular scale devices by
manipulation and placement of individual atoms
and molecules with precision on the atomic scale
as opposed to the top down fabrication
techniques employed in todays microelectronics
technology.
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Dimensions in Scale
1 cm 10 mm
10-2 m
Head of a pin 1-2 mm
0.1 cm 1 mm
10-3 m
0.1 mm 100 µm
10-4 m

• Human hair
• 60-100 ?m

0.01 mm 10 µm
10-5 m
Red blood cells with white cell 2-5 ?m
1 µm 1000 nm
10-6 m
Visible spectrum
0.1 µm 100 nm
10-7 m
The Nanoworld
0.01 mm 10 nm
10-8 m
DNA 2.5 nm width
10-9 m
1 nm
Atoms of silicon spacing tenths of nm
10-10 m
0.1 nm
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Nano Scene
Nano materials
Nano actuators
Nano sensors
Artificial muscle

Nano
robot components
Nano electronics

• Carbon nanotubes
• Dielectric and ferroelectric Materials
• Multifunctional polymers
• Bio compatible materials Scalpel, tweezers
  Nano tools

Nano
-
and Micro
-
pumps

Nano
-
and Micro
-
motors


Nano systems
- Resonant Tunneling Devices - Single Electron
Transistors - Quantum well structures -
Memories - Logic circuits - IR Detectors - Sensors

• NEMS (Nano Electro Mechanical Systems)
• Nano-machines and robots
• Tele-surgery
• Drug delivery
• Reconfigurable Systems

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The Importance of Large Domestic MarketsWith a
Billion People India is a Latent World Scale
Market.
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The Emerging MarketFocus of Large Firms, NGOs
and Government
5-10 million, Rich
Large Firms
PPPgt 10,000, 50-60 m
PPP 3-10,000, 150m
NGOs, Government
PPP 2-3,000, 150 m
PPP , 2000, 500 m
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The Emerging Market IndiaTraditional and
Emerging Focus
Traditional MNC Business Model
5-10 million, Rich
Some MNCs?
PPPgt 10,000, 50-60 m
Local Firms
PPP 3-10,000, 150m
Future Opportunity?
PPP 2-3,000, 150 m
PPP gt 2000, 500 m
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The Poor Have Purchasing Power

• What Durables Do they Own ?

Slums Chawls Others
Average Number Owned 5.4 6.5 8.7
Basic Kitchen Durables - Gas Stove - Pressure Cooker - Mixer 5674 74 7089 81 82 8885
Conveniences - Fridge - Toaster - Washing Machine - Kitchen Sink - Telephone - Two Wheeler 24 1 2 321 0 38 210 827 4 601826315513
Entertainment - TV - B/W - TV Color - Cable (local) - 2 in - 1 43476535 25677143 16797348
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DIGITAL DIVIDE RESEARCH THEMES

• Focus on technologies that are
• Relevant
• High impact
• Pervasive
• Cutting edge
• Cost-effective
• Replicable
• Scalable

• World Computer
• An information technology device that can be used
  by anyone, irrespective of wealth, education or
  infrastructure availability
• Low cost
• Minimal infrastructure operations
• Usable by illiterates

Digital Village

• Integration of the research
• Allow villagers to express themselves
• Manage costs and finances

Bits for All Link organic, affordable
information devices (and therefore people) in a
cost-effective manner
Tomorrows Tools Devices to connect the digital
to the real world
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PROJECTS UNDERWAY
World Computer Rural OS Speech Interfaces
Visual Language Interfaces for All Interlingua
Web Literacy Learning thru Pictures Low cost
computing
New Projects Underway
Cash Rural Hisaab Mapping for the Masses
SARI
Digital Village
Tomorrows Tools Digital Craft Revival Digital
Music Infosculpture Suchik Polysensors
Complex RF Imp Analysers UV-VIS Spectrometer
PowersensorsThinkCycle BRICS Semantic Legacy
document Resistive interfaces Voice biometrics
Bits for All Rural WiFi DakNet Digital
Gangetic Plain Off-line Internet Access Rural
VOIP Ad hoc networks Efficient networks SACs
Community Connection Grassroots ICT Digital
Mandi Infothela
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DIGITAL DIVIDE PROJECTS CONTINUED
Digital Village Applications Services
Economic Development
Health Agriculture
Communications Content
eGovernance Education
Baatchit
cash
SARI
Census
Interlingua Web
Rural VOIP VMOIP
UV-VIS Spectrometer
Digital Mandi
Suchik
Rural Fab Lab
PolySensors
Infothela
Interfaces, Sensors, Tools
Tomorrows Tools
Power Sensors
Gram Chitra
Numeric Interfaces
World Computer
OS, Languages Access Devices
Rural OS 1.0
Multi-Literate Interfaces
iPAQ Simputer
Bits For All
Communications Infrastructure
Rural p2p Meshes
DakNet
802.rural
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BITS FOR ALL 802.RURAL (AFFORDABLE RURAL
COMMUNICATIONS)

• Ubiquitous broadband coverage
• Innovative routing algorithms enable mesh
  peer-to-peer networking
• ML Asia uniquely positioned to lead in RD
  efforts

• Last-20 mile solution
• Antennas, repeaters, and multihop networking
  provide long-range broadband infrastructure
• Experimental 802.11b Network connecting the
  Kanpur-Lucknow corridor (achieved more than
  4Mb/s)

Rural Multihop

• DakNet
• Last-mile seedinfrastructure
• Store-and-forward wireless networking for rural
  connectivity
• Mobile Access Points can be mounted on buses,
  mopeds
• High-bandwidth (supports voice and data
  transmission)
• Pilot testing underway

Rural p2p Meshes
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TOMORROWS TOOLS GRAM CHITRA(E-GOVERNANCE
PLATFORM, NATIONAL SECURITY)

• Low-cost GPS/GIS platform on handheld computers
  empowering villagers to create local maps
• Applications include
• Census data collection
• Educating schoolchildren on mapping
• Automating land records
• Epidemiological data collection for infectious
  diseases
• Forestry management
• Disaster management planning
• GPS.Everywhere

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VALUE EXAMPLES
Rural Wi-Fi
GIS
CASH

• Empowers village women, children to
  automatically create maps, collect info
• Enables quality state government decision-
  making
• Enables high quality census data collection
  from grassroots
• National ID card program
• Defence/security applications
• Water quality and medical extension

• Tests, demonstrates lower cost rural
  connectivity with telecom features
• Enables villages to receive apps, e-
  governance services along the rural
  communications wireless trunk
• Enables a new breed of apps, services to
  villages not typically connected by advanced
  communications

• Enables mobile data collection, monitoring
  medical services in the midst of rural
  communities
• Expands coverage significantly of
  delivering monitoring rural healthcare, esp
  to women children
• Quality Information for decision-making
• Quick tracking of disease patterns in rural
  communities

AFFORDABLE RURAL COMMUNICATION E-GOVERNANCE
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DIGITAL VILLAGE INFOTHELA(E-GOVERNANCE)

• Information or e-Governance Cart for providing
  and exchanging information
• Pedal driven vehicle outfitted with a PC on
  connected via wireless technology
• Pedaling charges battery pack
• Accommodates diagnostic equipments (e.g. blood
  pressure testing machine)
• Mobile platform for bringing ICTs directly to the
  user

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The Dynamics of BOP Markets

• The Poorest Live in Highest Cost Sub Economies
• They have Purchasing Power
• Significant of Poor are Geographically
• Concentrated
• The Rural/Urban Economic Divide is a Myth
• The Poor Accept New Technologies
• There is a Significant Multiplier Effect to
• Infrastructure Investments among the
  Poor
• Women are Key to Developing these Markets

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We Need to go Beyond QualityScale and
Geographic Scope
USA, Europe, Japan S.Korea, Taiwan Finland Sw
itzerland
World Scale Domestic Market
China India
China India, Brazil
Small Domestic Market
Local Firms Global Firms
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Emerging Markets as the Test Bed of Innovation
Criteria
Scale of Operations
800 million Indian Consumers 4500 million
Global Consumers
New Price-Perf. Levels
Sustainable Development
Innovative High Tech. Solutions
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INDIA HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR BECOMING ONE OF THE
WORLDS LARGEST AND THE MOSTINNOVATIVE MARKET
FOR.
11. Water 12. Primary Health 13. Hospitality 14.
Retailing 15. Agri Inputs 16. Desert Farming 17.
Adult Education 18. Art Restoration 19. Solar
Power 20. Refrigeration

1. Cement
2. Processed Food
3. Confectionary
4. Footwear
5. Textiles
6. Two Wheelers
7. TVs
8. Wireless Devices
9. Public Transportation
10. Waste Management

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Thank You