Title: The Age of Metternich 1815-1848
1The Age of Metternich1815-1848
- The Congress of Vienna
-
- Its Impact on Europe
2Prince Metternich (1773-1859)
- Austrian diplomat.
- Architect of the Congress of Vienna
- Conservative a believer in Edmund Burkes
ideology.
3Edmund Burke (1742-1797)
- Traditions
- Status Quo
- Liberalism leads to
- MOB RULE
4"To me the word freedom has not the value of a
starting-point, but of an actual goal to be
striven for. The word order designates the
starting-point. It is only on order that freedom
can be based. Without order as a foundation the
cry for freedom is nothing more than the
endeavour of some party or other for an end it
has in view. When actually carried out in
practice, that cry for freedom will inevitably
express itself in tyranny. At all times and in
all situations I was a man of order, yet my
endeavour was always for true and not for
pretended liberty. -Prince Metternich
5Conservatism
- Ideological position which upholds law and order,
tradition, and authority. - Resistance to change.
- Reaction to the liberal and nationalist ideas of
the French Revolution.
6Congress of Vienna
- Two important issues
- Legitimacy
- Re-establish monarchial rule in Europe, i.e. the
Bourbons (Spain and France) and the Hapsburgs
(Austria and Italy) - Balance of Power
- Boundaries are redrawn no kingdom to become too
powerful/check the expansion of another. - Buffer zone.
7Who Attended?
- Austria Prince Metternich
- Prussia King F. William III
- Russia Czar Alexander I
- Britain Lord Castlereagh
- But to be nice
- France Talleyrand
8Princess Lieven (Dorothea Christorovna
Benckendorff1785-1857)
- Metternich used this young, attractive woman as
- A spy on Lord Castlereagh and Alexander I.
- Lived the high society life all the way to
England. - Was a Lady in Waiting in the Russian Court.
9Congress of Vienna (1815)
- France was deprived of all territory conquered by
Napoleon - The Dutch Republic was united with the Austrian
Netherlands to form a single kingdom of the
Netherlands under the House of Orange. - Norway and Sweden were joined under a single
ruler - Switzerland was declared neutral
10- Russia got Finland and effective control over the
new kingdom of Poland - Prussia was given much of Saxony and important
parts of Westphalia and the Rhine Province. - Austria was given back most of the territory it
had lost and was also given land in Germany and
Italy (Lombardia and Venice)
11- Britain got several strategic colonial
territories, and they also gained control of the
seas. - France was restored under the rule of Louis
XVIII. - Spain was restored under Ferdinand VII
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14The Impact on Europe
- Balance of power.
- Collective security Quadruple Alliance (Russia,
Britain, Austria, Prussia) - Congress System led to alliances all in hopes of
putting down revolution and liberal ideology, but
failed to address nationalism.
15Congress System (Meetings)
- Aix-la-Chapelle 1818
- Removal of foreign troops from France
- Reparations
- Fr. admitted to Quadruple Alliance, now Quintuple
Alliance. - Troppau Protocols 1820
- Reaction to rebellions in Sicily and Spain
against Bourbon monarchs
16- Declared a combined alliance against these
revolutionaries, but - Britain felt differently, thus
- Alliance begins to split France and Britain are
the Liberal Bloc Austria, Prussia, and Russia
are the Conservative Bloc
17Problems within the Metternich System
- Britain clearly opposed to intervention in
domestic affairs. - Austria is a multi-ethnic state thus suppressive
tactics are utilized. - Russian interests in the Dardanelles and Bosporus
Straights - Russian, British, and French support for Greek
independence.
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20- Rebellions in France against the Bourbon
government (Charles X) - Rebellions in the Netherlands by Belgians.
Britain supports Belgians
21Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
- Father of gymnastics
- Invented the parallel bars, the rings, vaulting
horse, balance beam, and horizontal bar. - Burschenschaft member and Prussian patriot
22Forces at Work
- Liberalism
- Freeing of serfs in Russia
- Conservatism
- Congress of Vienna
Your turn add nine more examples from Chapter
Five for each category. Read the entire chapter
for this. Due next class.
23- Liberal Acts
- Charter under Louis XVIII
- Burchenschaft
- Greek independence
- Mazzini Young Italy Movement
- Second French Republic
- Belgium independence
- 1848 Revolutions
- Br. and Fr. not joining Troppau Protocol
- Conservative Acts
- Congress of Vienna
- Metternichs policies
- Monarchs
- Concert of Europe
- Balance of power
- Carlsbad Decrees
- Congress system
- Troppau Protocols
- Collective security
- Quadruple Alliance
- Censorship
- Police states