LESSON ONE

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LESSON ONE

• The Scientific Method

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Part 1 Scientific Method Review

• Watch the BrainPop video and complete your
  worksheet.
• You can pause and rewind the video clip to help
  you get your answers.
• Take the quiz after the video and record the
  correct answers on your worksheet.

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Part 2The Pizza Experiment

• Data Collection and Analysis

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Background

• It is Thursday and Brian is going to make pizza
  tomorrow night for friends. The last time he
  made pizza, the dough did not rise. He wanted to
  know why, so he researched how yeast works. He
  found that there was a connection between yeast,
  sugar, and dough rising. To figure out the
  connection, he designed an experiment to test the
  effect of sugar on making dough rise. Brian
  knows that the more CO2 that is produced by the
  yeast cells during fermentation, the more the
  dough will rise.

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Experimental Design
A
B
C
D

• Each bottle gets ¼ cup warm water and ¼ teaspoon
  of yeast.
• Put the following amount of sugar into each
  bottle
• A No sugar
• B ¼ teaspoon sugar
• C ½ teaspoon sugar
• D 1 teaspoon sugar
• Place a balloon over the top of each of the four
  bottles to collect the CO2 given off by the yeast
  going through fermentation.
• Measure and record the change in the
  circumference of each balloon at ½ hour intervals
  for four hours.

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ResultsInitial Measurements (0 min.)Record
your results on your data table.
A
B
C
D
0 cm
0 cm
0 cm
0 cm
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ResultsMeasurements after 30 min. Record your
results on your data table.
A
B
C
D
0 cm
1 cm
2 cm
2.5 cm
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ResultsMeasurements after 60 min. Record your
results on your data table.
A
B
C
D
0 cm
2 cm
2.5 cm
3.5 cm
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ResultsMeasurements after 90 min. Record your
results on your data table.
A
B
C
D
0 cm
3 cm
3.5 cm
4 cm
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ResultsMeasurements after 120 min. Record your
results on your data table.
A
B
C
D
0 cm
4 cm
4 cm
6 cm
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ResultsMeasurements after 180 min. Record your
results on your data table.
A
B
C
D
0 cm
5 cm
6 cm
9 cm
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ResultsMeasurements after 210 min. Record your
results on your data table.
A
B
C
D
0 cm
5.5 cm
7.5 cm
14 cm
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ResultsMeasurements after 240 min. Record your
results on your data table.
A
B
C
D
0 cm
5.5 cm
9 cm
20 cm
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Analysis QuestionsAnswer the following
questions on your worksheetyour vocabulary words
have been linked to their definitions if you need
extra help!

1. What is the independent variable in this
   experiment? Why?
2. What is the dependent variable in this
   experiment? Why?
3. Is there a control in this experiment? Explain.

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The control group in an experiment is the group
that nothing is done to. The control is left
alone so that the other variables may be compared
to it. The control is the variable that is
usually the "normal" result and that which you
are testing against. For example You are
testing whether temperature has an effect on the
breaking point of rubber bands. You take one
rubber band and put it in the freezer and another
is heated. A third rubber band is left at room
temperature. The one left at room temperature is
the control. It is the normal result you are
comparing your other two results to.
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Data Analysis

• Use your data table to create a line graph for
  the pizza experiment.
• On your graph be sure to include
• A title
• Lines for each of the four bottles used
• A legend (key) to identify each of the lines
• Axes labeled with the appropriate variables,
  scales, and units

Click here for hints on setting up graphs.
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ConclusionAnswer the following questions on
your worksheetyour vocabulary words have been
linked to their definitions if you need extra
help!

1. What would you advise Brian to do to make his
   pizza dough rise well? Support your answer with
   data from the graph.
2. Define fermentation.
3. What are some possible sources of error in his
   experiment? Discuss at least 2.

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Part 3 Designing an Experiment

• In this last activity you are going to put to the
  test all of the skills you mastered in part 1 2
  to design your own experiment.

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Look very carefully at the picture

• In this optical illusion you should be able to
  see both a beautiful young woman and an old hag.
• Think about the following
• Which did you see first?
• Do you think everyone sees the same thing first?
• Does age make a difference to what you see first?
  Does gender?

CLICK ON THE IMAGE TO SEE HINTS!
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The Old Hag
The Beauty
Hint She is looking over her right shoulder
away from you.
Hint She is looking down.
Nose
Mouth
Chin
Chin
Necklace
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Designing an Experiment

• Develop an experiment to answer the following
  question/problem
• Does the age of the viewer make a difference in
  whether he/she first sees the beauty of the hag
  when looking at the optical illusion?

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In your experiment be sure to include the
following

• A hypothesis.
• Identify the independent variable.
• Identify the dependent variable.
• An experimental design.