Chapter 13 Natural And Ergogenic Supplements

1
Chapter 13Natural And Ergogenic Supplements
2

• More and more companies marketing to athletes
• 18 of Americans regularly use herbal products
• Americans spend 3 billion annually
• More research and more laws enacted to protect
  public health

3
Supplements

• Natural
• Herbal
• Nutraceutical any dietary or nutritional
  supplement used for general health benefits

4
Dietary Supplement Health And Education Act

• 1994 company can promote a natural substance
  claiming
• Improved function
• Improved health
• Cannot claim the supplement will affect a disease
  process

5

• Americans should have unrestricted access to food
  supplements
• For a dietary supplement to be a food, it must
  contain one or more of the following
• Vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids,
  metabolites, etc
• Can assist with the nutritional needs of humans

6

• In order to avoid the FDA, herbal and natural
  supplement manufacturers market their product as
  food
• can be purchased by anyone at anytime
• Example of the DHSEA law
• Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
• Banned in the 1980s
• Back on the market 1990s

7

• Exactly who and how many people use supplements
  to enhance performance is unknown
• Testimonials no scientific evidence
• Information from coaches, teammates, athletic
  trainer

8
Understanding Natural

• Generally accepted as anything that is not
  artificial or that is produced by nature
• Alternatives
• Comes from earth and necessary for human function
• The body will easily assimilate the product
• Public equates natural with safety

9

• Anything put into the body has potential to
  create a negative response
• Children at a greater risk
• 1998 report by Eisenberg et al
• 1990 1997 herbal remedy use up 380
• 47 of general public use herbal medicines
• 18 of herbal medicine users do not tell their
  physician

10
Risk Factors

• Identification of substances in herbal products
  is currently not possible
• 1 100s of active chemical substances
• Contamination
• Heavy metals, bacteria, pesticides

11
Risk Factors

• Four basic risks
• Purity of the herbal supplement
• Toxic side effects
• Interactive effects with other drugs or herbs
• Drug contamination growth, production,
  bottling, etc.

12
Supplement Purity

• Ingredients on label are not always actual amount
  found in container
• Not even included, amounts too high or too low
• When amount is not disclosed reliably, numerous
  different types of problems may result

13

• Green et al (2001)
• 11 of the 12 products tested did not meet the
  labeling standards required by law
• One product contained 77 more of the supplement
  than was indicated on the label
• 11 products contained less of the supplement than
  indicated

14
Supplement Toxicity

• Toxicity based on
• Dose of the herb
• Other drugs or herbs being taken
• Duration and frequency of exposure to the herb
• Reactions vary
• Skin rashes, hepatic toxicity, death
• Energy boosters, weight control, pain control,
  anti-inflammatory, anti-depressants

15
Supplement Interactions

• Interaction of supplements with other medications
• Can reduce effectiveness of medications
• Adverse effects

16
Table 13-1 Examples of Herbal/Drug Interactions
(pg 183)
17
Supplement Contamination

• Production and manufacture
• Species of the plant
• Soil
• Fertility and overall growing environment
• Part of the plant
• Extraction method

18
Natural Ergogenic Aids

• Ergogenic having the ability to increase work,
  especially to increase the potential for work
• May allow athlete to participate in activity
  longer or respond more quickly to a stimulus
• Will NOT increase skill level

19
Sports Drinks

• Marketing
• Replace fluids and electrolytes
• Athletes preference (taste)
• Gatorade
• Research varies

20
Energy Drinks

• Energy booster
• Caffeine
• Upset stomach
• Diuretic effect
• Detect in drug tests
• Possible problems with drinks w/added herbal or
  natural substances
• Implications for Activity, pg 186

21
Table 13-3 Energy, Carbohydrate, and Additional
Ingredients Found in Selected Sports Drinks
22
Table 13-3 Energy, Carbohydrate, and Additional
Ingredients Found in Selected Sports Drinks
(cont.)
23
What is in a sports drink ?
24

• Dietary Techniques
• Carbohydrate loading
• Zone Diet
• Vitamins and Minerals
• Amino Acids
• Aids in rebuilding damaged tissues
• Controversial
• glucosamine

25

• Whey Protein
• Derived from milk
• Aids in repair of damaged muscle and even
  increase size and overall capability of the
  muscle

26

• Erythropoietin Alpha (EPO)
• Blood product that signals body to produce RBCs
• RBCs deliver oxygen to muscles, organs, tissues
• Endurance athletes
• Not easily detected by drug testing
• blood doping"

27
What to Tell the Athlete

• Page 190