Presenting you the topic

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Presenting you the topic
MUGHAL EMPIRE
presented by CHIRASVI H.R.
CECILIA WILSON
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CONTENTS

• Introduction
• Who are Mughals?
• Emperors
• Military
• Traditions
• Relations
• Religion
• Akbars policies
• Mughal style of architecture
• Influence of Mughal Empire On the subcontinent
• Fall of mughal empire
• Conclusion

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Introduction

• Ruling as large a territory as the Indian
  subcontinent with such a diversity of people
  cultures was a difficult task for a ruler to
  accomplish in Middle Ages. Mughals created an
  empire and accomplished what had hitherto seemed
  possible for only short periods. They expanded
  their kingdom from
• Agra to Delhi.

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Who Are Mughals?

• The Mughals were descendants of two great
  lineages of rulers. From their mothers side they
  were descendants of Genghis Khan, ruler of the
  Mongol tribes, China Central Asia. From their
  fathers side they were the successors of Timur,
  the ruler of Iran, Iraq Modern-day Turkey. They
  celebrated their genealogy pictorially, each
  ruler getting a picture made of Timur himself.

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The great rulersof Mughal Empire.
BABUR HUMAYUN AKBAR JAHANGIR SHAH JAHAN AURANGZEB
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BABUR

• Babur the tiger came to power in1483 ruled till
  1530. he ruled over a very small kingdom in
  Turkestan. With significantly small armies he
  managed to conquer Afghanistan the Delhi
  sultanate all of Hindustan.

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HUMAYUN
Humayun inherited one of the largest empires in
the world at the time and nearly ruined it.
Between 1530 and 1540 he managed to lose all the
land that his father worked so hard to get
through rebellions from Afghanistan and India. He
was sent into exile in Persia and created a small
army. He ended up eventually regaining all the
lands back but is looked upon as one of the worst
Mughal emperors. At the end of his conquests he
fell down a flight of stairs and broke his neck.
He was succeeded by his son Akbar which in Arabic
means" Great One."
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AKBAR

• Muslim, Indian and Western Historians all see
  Akbar as the greatest ruler throughout Indian
  history. He became emperor at the age of thirteen
  in 1556. He immediately began seizing land in
  Hindustan. He conquered more lands than any of
  his ancestors before him had. He was very wise in
  his rulings and tried to govern all his people
  equally and fairly. Since his conquered lands
  were so many he assigned governors to each region
  called mansabars.

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Akbar was succeeded by his favorite son,
Jahangir, who ruled the empire from 1605 to 1628.
Jahangir did not pursue military conquests as
forcefully as his father, but he did manage to
extend the empire into Bengal. His father had
once said that any Empire that is not expanding
is in decline. Jahangir had a great passion for
the arts painting, culture architecture,
philosophy, and literature. He was known to carry
the Mughal Empire through their richest cultural
period.
JAHANGIR
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Jahangir successor, Shah Jahan, inherited
Akbar's obsession with the military. Shah Jahan
ruled from 1628 1658. By the end of his reign,
the Mughal Empire was expanding and seemed in
charge and stable. He built a new capital and
many other buildings. The most famous of all is
the TajMahal in Agra. When his favorite wife died
while giving birth to her fourteenth child, Shah
Jahan decided to build her the most beautiful
tomb that the world had ever seen and that was
exactly what he did. Till this day the Taj Mahal
is known as one of the Seven Wonders of the
World. The TajMahal took over twenty years to
build and over twenty thousand men. All of his
lavish building projects, though, eventually ran
the treasury dry. Because of this he raised the
taxes on all the people and raised a lot of
hostility towards himself
SHAH JAHAN
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AURANGZEB

• The last great Mughal ruler was Aurangzeb
  Alamgir. During the fifty-year reign, the empire
  reached its greatest physical size but also
  showed unmistakable signs of decline. Aurangzeb
  restored Mughal military dominance expanded
  power southwards.

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Military

• Babur, the first Mughal emperor , succeeded to
  the throne of ferghana in 1494 when he was only
  12 years old.
• He was forced to leave his ancestral throne due
  to invasion of Mongol group, the uzbegs. In 1526
  he defeated the sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim lodi, at
  panipat captured Delhi Agra

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Mughal relations with other rulers

• As the Mughals became powerful many other rulers
  also joined them voluntarily. the rajputs are
  good example of this. many of them married their
  daughters into Mughal families and received high
  positions. But many resisted as well. once
  defeated, however, they were honorably treated by
  Mughals, given lands back as assignments.

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Religion

• Mughals followed a different kind of religion.
• It was named sulh-i-kul .As in the wide expanse
  of the divine compassion there is room for all
  classes and the followers of all creeds, so.
  in his Imperial dominions, which on all sides
  were limited only by the sea, there was room for
  the professors of opposite religions, for
  beliefs, good bad, and the road to intolerance
  was closed . Sunnis and shias met in one mosque
  and Christians and Jews in one church to pray. He
  consistently followed the principle of universal
  peace sulh-i-kul it was also followed by
  jahangir shan jahan.

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Mughals Traditions of succession

• The Mughals did not believe in the rule of
  primogeniture where the eldest son inherited his
  fathers estate. Instead they followed the Mughal
  and Timurid custom ofcoparcenary inheritance
  amongst all sons.
• Which do you think is a fairer
  division of inheritance
• primogeniture or coparcenary?

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Akbars policies

• The broad features of administration were laid
  down by Akbar. The empire was divided into
  provinces called subas, governed by a subadar who
  carried out both political and military
  functions. Subadar was supported by other
  officers.
• Akbars nobles commanded large armies and had
  access to large amounts of revenue. While they
  were loyal the empire functioned efficiently.

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Mughal style of architecture

• He was defeated by the new Afghan leader, Sher
  Khan Sur (later known as Sher Shah), wandered in
  exile in Persia, and finally settled in Kâbul.
  After 15 years, by which time the Sur regime was
  in a shambles, Humayun recaptured Hindustan just
  before his death in 1556. His young son Akbar
  soon recovered the lost empire, expanding its
  almost to the entire upper India. Akbar, who
  is often considered the true founder of the
  Mughal Empire, laid the grounds for the
  significant economic growth and the fabulous art
  and building activities of his successors. He
  died in 1605 and was succeeded by his eldest son,
  Jahangir.

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Mughal influence on the subcontinent

• The main Mughal contribution to the south Asia
  was their unique architecture. They also
  influenced these points
• Persian art culture amalgamated with native
  Indian art culture.
• Urdu Hindi languages were formed.
• Landscape gardening.
• A new style of architecture.

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Fall of Mughal Empire

• The Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent in
  the time of Aurangzeb Alamgir, but it collapsed
  with dramatic suddenness within a few decades
  after his death. The Mughal Empire owes its
  decline and ultimate downfall to a combination of
  factors firstly Aurangzeb religious policy is
  regarded as a cause for the decline of the Mughal
  Empire as it led to disunity among the people.
  Although the policy did lead to weakening of the
  empire but the major cause of decline was the
  lack of worthy and competent successors after
  him. The character of Mughal kings had
  deteriorated over a period of time. The
  successive rulers after Aurangzeb were weak and
  lacked the character, motivation and commitment
  to rule the empire strongly. They had become ease
  loving and cowardly. They totally disregarded
  their state duties and were unable to detain the
  declining empire from its fall.

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CONCLUSION