NGV Heavy Vehicles

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INDIA OIL and GAS RETAILING DISTRIBUTION
2005 Mumbai, India 27-28 January
2005 Technical, Commercial and Operational
Issues for Natural Gas Vehicle Fleets A (TONY)
MIDDLETON Managing Director Advanced Engine
Components Limited
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OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

• World potential
• Benefits of NG as a transport fuel
• Advanced Engine Components Limited
• Characteristics of Natural Gas (NG)
• Types of NG engines
• Fleet operability requirements
• at purchase
• in operation
• Requirements for successful Natural Gas Vehicles

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THE WORLD IS ADOPTING CLEAN FUELS

• By 2015, NGVs will account for 25 of all
  vehicles in the world according to the
  International Association for Natural Gas
  Vehicles.
• In July 2004, more than 2.8 million natural gas
  vehicles and 6,434 refueling stations were in
  use.

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ASIA PACIFIC POTENTIAL FOR NGVS

• INDIA
• 62 cities population 84 million with air
  quality issues
• High court decision in Delhi
• CHINA
• 85 cities population 132 million with air
  quality isssues
• Government support
• 17 key Regions identified for clean fuel vehicles
• 2008 Beijing Olympics
• 2010 Shanghai World Expo
• Plans also for PAKISTAN, THAILAND, KOREA,
  MALAYSIA

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BENEFITS OF NATURAL GAS AS A TRANSPORT FUEL IN
AUSTRALIA

• Cost savings (about 1/3 price of diesel for city
  buses)
• Environmental benefits
• Emissions
• Noise
• Same performance as or better than diesel
  equivalent
• Driveability
• Reliability
• Security of fuel cost

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• The Company
• Australian Company based in Perth, Western
  Australia
• Established in 1984
• Listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) in
  February 2000
• Quality Assured to ISO 9001-2000
• 78 owned by 698 Capital (part of the Koo Family
  group from Taiwan banking, finance, property,
  building materials etc).

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ADVANCED ENGINE COMPONENTS LIMITED

• The Company (continued)
• Has worked in the engine component industry on
  dedicated Natural Gas and Diesel Dual Fuel (DDF)
  engines for nearly two decades.
• Technology and systems partner of OEM quality
• Renault (Irisbus) of France
• First Auto Works (FAW) of China
• Weichai of China
• RABA of Hungary
• Conversions on DaimlerChrysler and MAN engines
• Over 645 Natural Gas powered buses worldwide with
  over 42 million kilometres of route service

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CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL GAS

• Methane (CH4)
• Compressed (CNG) or Liquefied (LNG)
• Can be applied to vehicle fleets now
• Vast supplies around the World
• Environment benefits
• Local air quality and Greenhouse gas
• In many countries
• Favourable tax treatment
• Security of supply

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TYPES OF NATURAL GAS ENGINES

• 100 (Dedicated) Natural Gas
• Natural Gas and air fuel mixture
• Spark plug ignited
• Stoichiometric, lean burn or advanced lean burn
• Dual-Fuel
• Natural Gas, diesel and air fuel mixture
• Diesel ignited NG
• Bi-Fuel
• Operates on natural gas or petrol

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SPARK IGNITION

• It is a larger version of whats in your car
• NG replaces the petrol
• Spark plugs ignite the gas/air mixture
• Usually a modified diesel
• Cylinder head to hold the spark plugs
• Different pistons to lower the compression ratio
• Ignition system added
• Electronic engine management system
• Engine life is long due to lower working pressure

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ELEMENTS OF A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

• Gas or Liquid storage cylinders
• Gas pressure regulator or vapouriser
• Fuel delivery
• Natural Gas
• Air
• Spark ignition system
• Engine management

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ELEMENTS OF A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE
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AEC SYSTEMS COMPONENTS
ECU
Gas Injector
Gas Fuel Rail
Ignition Coil
Gas Regulator
Gas Filter
Manifold Valve
Spark Plug

• Storage Tank
• Piping

• Joints Connectors
• Sensors

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AEC CNG SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY

• Fuel Delivery Electronic Injection
• Multi-point fuel injection system - one injector
  per cylinder
• Sequential fuel injection
• Skip fire option at idle provides considerable
  fuel saving
• Robust Engine mounted system
• Engine protected in case of high coolant, exhaust
  or air temperature by progressive de-rating in
  response to out of range parameters
• Ability to interface with transmission control
  and integrated vehicle safety systems

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AEC CNG SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY

• Fuel Delivery Electronic Injection cont.
• Parameters measured
• Manifold absolute pressure and air temperature
• Gas temperature pressure
• Engine speed, phase throttle position
• Water temperature sensor
• Exhaust temperature
• Lambda sensor exhaust oxygen measurement
  (Closed Loop)

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AEC CNG SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY cont.

• Fuel Delivery Electronic Injection cont.
• Parameters controlled
• Gas injection and or Diesel injection
• Spark timing
• Air Density
• Dynamic Air Fuel Ratio

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AEC CNG SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY cont.

• Features
• Precise control of the system closed loop
  system
• Superior performance
• Fuel economy (up to 9 improvement in fuel
  consumption)
• Capable to deliver Euro II without Catalytic
  Converter
• Capable to deliver Euro IV and above with use of
  Catalytic Converter
• Capable to deliver same power and torque
  performance as base diesel engine

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CERTIFIED RESULTS OF A LEAN BURN, MULTI POINT,
SEQUENTIAL EFI NG ENGINE
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FLEET OPERATIBILITY REQUIREMENTS

• (a) At time of purchase
• Initial costs
• Whole of life cost
• Warranties
• Reliability guarantees
• Fit for purpose eg operating range, capacity

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FLEET OPERATIBILITY REQUIREMENTS

• (b) During life of the bus or truck
• Operating costs - fuel, maintenance, servicing
• Driver acceptance - power, torque,
  driveability, noise
• Passenger acceptance - driveability, noise
• Public acceptance - value for money,
  triple bottom line benefits

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REQUIREMENTS FOR SUCCESSFUL NATURAL GAS VEHICLES

• Excellence in vehicle application engineering
• Vehicle fuel system/engine interface
• Electrical, power train, cooling
• Seamless package
• NG supply
• Compression
• Fuelling
• Operation
• Maintenance
• Enthusiastic customer ownership is the key

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FOR FURTHER IMFORMATION CONTACT

• Advanced Engine Components Ltd
• Ph 618 9209 6900
• Fax [phone]
• www.advancedengine.com