Role of nerve regulation for bechaviour

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Role of nerve regulation for bechaviour
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Central peripheral nervous system

• The central nervous system includes the brain and
  the spinal cord.
• Bundles of neuron axons that carry information in
  the peripheral nervous system.

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Motor Efferent Division

• Can be divided further
• Somatic nervous system
• VOLUNTARY (generally)
• Somatic nerve fibers that conduct impulses from
  the CNS to skeletal muscles
• Autonomic nervous system
• INVOLUNTARY (generally)
• Conducts impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle,
  cardiac muscle, and glands.

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Somatic vs. Autonomic

• Voluntary
• Skeletal muscle
• Single efferent neuron
• Axon terminals release acetylcholine
• Always excitatory
• Controlled by the cerebrum

• Involuntary
• Smooth, cardiac muscle glands
• Multiple efferent neurons
• Axon terminals release acetylcholine or
  norepinephrine
• Can be excitatory or inhibitory
• Controlled by the homeostatic centers in the
  brain pons, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata

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• Reflex
• a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory
  stimulus

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• Neural Networks
• interconnected neural cells
• with experience, networks can learn, as feedback
  strengthens or inhibits connections that produce
  certain results
• computer simulations of neural networks show
  analogous learning

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• Sympathetic nervous system - branch of the
  autonomic nervous system that produces rapid
  physical arousal in response to perceived
  emergencies or threats.
• Parasympathetic nervous system - branch of the
  autonomic nervous system that maintains normal
  bodily functions and conserves the bodys physical

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Autonomic Nervous System

• 2 divisions
• Sympathetic
• Fight or flight
• E division
• Exercise, excitement, emergency, and
  embarrassment
• Parasympathetic
• Rest and digest
• D division
• Digestion, defecation, and diuresis

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The Central Nervous System

• The central nervous system includes the brain and
  the spinal cord.
• This is the primary internal communication
  network of the body divided into the central
  nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

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The Brain Capturing a Thought
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Out
In
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Specialized Cortical Regionsrevealed with PET
scan
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As the human fetus develops, brain cells
multiply, differentiate, and migrateto their
final locations. By the fourth week of prenatal
development, new neuronsare being generated at
the rate of 500,000per minute. By 24 weeks of
prenatal age,the brain has nearly its full
complementof neurons.

• Saparate cell
• 24 weeks

• 4th weeks
• Newborn child

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After birth, the neurons grow in size and
continue to developnew dendrites. Myelin forms
on neuron axons in key areas of the brain,
suchas those involved in motor control. Axons
also grow longer, and the branching at theends
of axons becomes more dense. By adulthood, the
fully mature human brainweighs about three
pounds.
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The Split Brain studies

• Surgery for epilepsy cut the corpus callosum
• Roger Sperry, 1960s
• Special apparatus
• picture input to just one side of brain
• screen blocks objects on table from view

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The Split Brain studies

• Picture to right brain
• cant name the object

• left hand can identify by touch

• Picture to left brain
• can name the object
• left hand cannot identify by touch