SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (E-SUPPLY) Materi Pertemuan ke-10

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SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT(E-SUPPLY)Materi
Pertemuan ke-10
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E-supply Chain

• Supply Chain adalah aliran material, informasi,
  uang, dan servis/jasa dari bahan baku yang
  diperoleh melalui supplier sampai ke pabrikasi
  dan pergudangan dan akhirnya ke pelanggan akhir.
• Supply Chain berasal dari konsep penggabungan
  (link) partner-partner organisasi/perusahaan
  bersama-sama.

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Tiga segmen rantai pasokan

• Aliran ke atas / hulu
• Internal
• Aliran ke bawah / hilir

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Gambar Rantai Persediaan Sederhana (Simple
Supply Chain)
Upstream
Internal
Downstream
2nd tier Supplier
Distribution Centers
1st tier Supplier
Assembly/ Manufacturing And packaging
2nd tier Supplier
1st tier Supplier
Retailers
2nd tier Supplier
Customers
Contoh Toys Manufacturer Process
Oil Refinery
Plastic
Distribution
Shipping
Sheet Metal
Components Manufacturer
Toy Assembler/ Manufacturer
Toy Packaging
Shipping
Retailers
LumberCompany
Box Makers, Printers
Customers
Paper Company
Pulp Company
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Example Cadbury Supply Chain

• Our supply chain
• The processes involved in making one of our
  chocolate bars, Cadbury Dairy Fruit Nut, at our
  factory in Bournville in the United Kingdom, give
  a good illustration of how supply chains, and our
  relationships within them, can differ.

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Making and advertising Cadbury Dairy Milk in the
UK

• The processes involved in making one of our
  chocolate bars, Cadbury Dairy Milk Fruit Nut,
  at our factory in Bournville in the United
  Kingdom, give a good illustration of how supply
  chains, and our relationships within them, can
  differ.
• Advertising - one step away Cadbury Schweppes has
  direct contracts with the advertising agency
  responsible for advertising and promoting Cadbury
  Dairy Milk Fruit Nut. This means the
  advertising agency is one step away from our
  company.

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• Milk - two steps away The milk that goes into our
  chocolate bar comes from the United Kingdom. We
  buy it from farmer-run cooperatives. Here we have
  direct dealings with the co-operatives but not
  with the individual farmers, which means the
  farmers who produce the milk are two steps away
  from our company.
• Raisins - two steps away The raisins in our
  chocolate bar come from Turkey. We buy the
  raisins from a family-owned Turkish processing
  plant near Izmir, which buys its raisins from
  around 1,000 small farmers. The raisins are
  traceable back to the original farms. The
  processing plant maintains close relations with
  the farmers to ensure quality. We are two steps
  away from these 1,000 small farmers.

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• Almonds - two steps away The almonds in our
  chocolate bar come from California. We buy the
  almonds from a processor who in turn buys them
  from the farmer. Here we are two steps away from
  the original producers, the Californian almond
  growers.
• Sugar - two steps away The sugar we buy comes
  from the UK and mainland Europe. We buy it from
  sugar processors. The sugar processor buys sugar
  beet direct from the farmer. The farmers who grow
  the sugar beet we use are therefore two steps
  away from our company.
• Cocoa - three or more steps away Cocoa for our
  chocolate bar is sourced from Ghana. We buy cocoa
  from the Ghanaian government Cocoa Board
  (COCOBOD), which controls the cocoa trade in
  Ghana. Between COCOBOD and the farmer there are
  licensed buying companies. They buy cocoa from
  the farmer and transport it to the seaport. Here
  we are three steps or more away from more than
  half a million farmers.

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Permasalahan dalamSupply Chain

• Supply Chain dapat menjadi sangat lama karena
  melibatkan partner internet dan eksternal yang
  berada di banyak tempat berbeda
• Masalah kualitas material, yang bisa terjadi
  karena kesalahan pengiriman jenis material
• Tidak adanya infrastruktur logistik (sistem)
• Order yang tidak menentu baik dari pemasok maupun
  distributor

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Solusi E-commerce untuk Supply Chain

• Order melalui internet, EDI, ekstranet secara
  otomatis
• Cth pada B2B, order transmisikan secara
  otomatis ke pemasok ketika level inventori sudah
  mencapai titik tertentu
• Memenuhi order secara langsung
• Pembayaran Elektronik dapat mempercepat pemenuhan
  order dan jangka waktu pembayaran
• Persediaan dapat diperkecil dengan melakukan
  pemesanan bila akan ada produksi dan dengan
  memberikan informasi yang cepat dan akurat kepada
  pemasok
• Kolaborasi perdagangan antara anggota Supply
  Chain dapat dilakukan di banyak area sehingga
  dapat mengurangi keterlambatan, gangguan pada
  pekerjaan, biaya administrasi dan inventori

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Contoh E-Collaboration (E-Kolaborasi)

• Berbagi informasi antara Pedagang dan Pemasok
  barang
• Kolaborasi Pedagang-Pemasok (mengumpulkan partner
  sebanyak mungkin)
• Pengurangan waktu perencanaan pemesanan bahan
  baku
• Pengurangan waktu untuk pengembangan produk