LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

• PROPERTIES
• CHARACTERISTICS

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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

• MIXTURE OF HYDROCARBONS
• COMMERCIAL PROPANE
• COMMERCIAL BUTANE
• MARKETED IN INDIA AS PER
• BIS 4576 1978
• TEST METHODS
• STORAGE
• PRESSURE VESSEL
• REFRIGERATED VESSEL

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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

• TYPICAL COMPOSITION
• MAINLY C3 C4
• MINOR TRACES OF C2 C5
• DEPENDS ON SOURCE
• REFINERY
• FRACTIONATORS
• SR GRADE
• APPROX. NIL UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
• NIL IMPURITIES

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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES
CHARACTERISTICS

• COLOUR
• LIQUID PHASE
• VAPOUR PHASE
• ODOUR
• FAINT SMELL
• STENCHING
• DENSITY / SPECIFIC GRAVITY
• VAPOUR PHASE
• 1.5 - 2.0 TIMES HEAVY
• SETTLES AT LOWER LEVELS

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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES
CHARACTERISTICS

• DENSITY / SP. GRAVITY
• LIQUID PHASE
• 0.525 TO 0.58 AT 15 DEGREE CENTIGRADE
• VAPOUR PRESSURE
• TWO PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
• 16.87 KGF / SQ. CM. AT 65 DEG. CENT.
• 120 PSI AT 100 DEGREE FOREN.
• VOLATILITY
• RAPID EVAPORATION - 1 250

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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES
CHARACTERISTICS

• COEFFICIENT OF VOL. EXPANSION
• 0.00237 PER DEGREE CENTIGRADE RISE
• 15-20 KGF / SQ.CM RISE IN PRESSURE PER DEG RISE
  IN TEMP.
• FILLING RATIO / ULLAGE
• FLAMMIBILITY
• LEL 1.5 ( ALL SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIKE GMS ,
  EXPLOSIMETER ETC. )
• HEL 9

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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES
CHARACTERISTICS

• COMBUSTION
• INCREASES VOL. OF PRODUCT AS 50 TIMES AIR IS
  REQUIRED AND 3-4 TIMES OF OWN VOL. CO2 IS
  GENERATED APART FROM HEAT
• RESULTS IN ASPHYXIATION , REQUIRE VENTILATION
• C. V. 10900 KCAL / KG.
• FLAME TEMP WITH AIR - 2000 DEG. CENT.
• WITH OXYGEN - 2800 DEG. CENT.
• IGNITION TEMP.
• AUTO IGNITION TEMP. - 410 - 580 DEG. CENT.

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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES
CHARACTERISTICS

• BOILING POINT
• TEMP. AT WHICH VAP. PR. EQUALS ATM. PR.
• (-) 2 TO (-) 42 DEG. CENT.
• MELTING OR FREEZING POINT
• TEMP. AT WHICH SOLIDIFICATION OCCURS
• VERY LOW I.E. LESS THAN (-) 47 DEG. CENT.
• VISCOSITY
• VERY LOW IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER PETRO. PRODUCTS
  - 0.3 CS
• REQUIRES HIGH ITEGRITY OF STORAGE HANDLING
  SYSTEM

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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES
CHARACTERISTICS

• SOLUBILITY
• LESS SOLUBILITY IN WATER
• SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS ALCOHAL
• TOXICITY
• HIGH RELEASES DISPLACES OXYGEN
• RESULTS IN SUFFOCATION
• ACTS AS ANAESTHETIC
• CAUSTIC RESIDUE
• USED FOR TREATING HYDROGEN SULPHIDE
• IF REMAINS RESULTS IN CORROSION
• CAUSTIC PRESENCE SHOULD BE ELIMINATED

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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES
CHARACTERISTICS

• EFFECT OF WATER
• CORROSION
• PARTIAL CLOSING OF VALVES
• EFFECT OF AIR
• POSSIBILITY OF FORMING EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE
• AUTO IGNITION
• PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING COMMISSIONING
• RETARDS FILLING

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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES
CHARACTERISTICS

• HEALTH HAZARD
• NON TOXIC
• ASPHYXIATION DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN
• NARCOTIC EFFECT IF INHALED IN LARGE QTY
• FIRE HAZARD
• PRODUCT DISCHARGE
• STATIC ELECTRICITY
• PYROPHORIC IRON
• BLEVE
• UNCONFINED VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION

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INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS

• AGRICULTURE GRAIN DRYING, WEED KILLING,
  TEA/COFFEE/TOBACCO CURING
• AUTOMOBILIES HEAT TREATMENT PAINT BAKING
• CERAMIC CALCINATION, GLOST FIRING, OF
  SSTONEWARE PORCELAIN
• CHEMICALS / DRUGS HEATING, DRYING, FEED STOCK IN
  PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
• ELECTRICAL BULBS / TUBELIGHTS, FILAMENT
  ANNEALING

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INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS

• ENGINEERING METAL MELTING, FORGING, ANNEALING,
  STRESS RELIEVING, PAINT BAKING, HEAT TREATMENT
• FOOD BAKING, BOILING, FRYING, DRYING
• GLASS MELTING, HOLDING, BLOWING, POLISHING,
  STRESS RELIEVING
• METALLURGICAL ANNEALING, BILLET HEATING,
  MELING, DESCALING, STRESS RELIEVING, MOULD /
  CUPOLA/ LADLE PRE-HEATING

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INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS

• METAL WORKING CUTTING, HOLD PIERCING, WELDING
• PACKAGING SOLDERING
• TEXTILE DRYING, SINGING, CALENDERING,
  STENTERING, PRINT DRYING, DYEING, VELVET
  PROCESSING
• MISC. AEROCOL - AS PROPELLANT, BITUMENT MELTING,
  OIL CLEANING

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LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING

• STEP I DECIDE WHETHER LPG IS RIGHT FUEL
• FACTOR ECONOMICS
• AVAILABILITY
• APPLICATION SUITABLITY
• STEP II DECIDE WHETHER PACKED OR BULK
• FACTOR CONSUMPTION
• AVAILABILITY
• ECONOMICS APPLICATION SUITABILITY

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LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING

• STEP III SIZE OF INSTALLATION
• FACTORS PEAK HOURLY RATE OF CONSUMPTION
• DAILY / MONTHLY CONSUMPTION
• DISTANCE FROM SUPPY POINT
• CYLINDER ROOM / BULK STORAGE

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LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING

• STEP IV PIPE LINE SIZE / ROUTE
• FACTORS FLOW RATE
• PRESSURE DROPS
• BRANCHES / POINTS OF CONSUMPTION
• EASE OF REPAIRS / TROUBLE SHOOTING

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LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING

• STEP V CHOOSING PRESSURE REGULATORS
• FACTORS PRESSURE NEEDED FOR BURNERS
• RATE OF CONSUMPTION
• DISTANCE FROM INSTALLATION TO
  CONSUMING POINT

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