Law Enforcement Organization and Administration

1
Law Enforcement Organization and Administration

• Chapter 1

2
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

• Modern Day Law Enforcement can be traced to
  the Metropolitan Police in London, England,
  created in 1829.

3
Industrial Revolution

• Industrial Revolution in England caused a great
  surge of an uneducated and poorly trained
  population to migrate to London.
• This surge led to an increase in crime, chaos and
  poverty.
• These problems led to a proliferation of private
  and special police forces that served the needs
  of the diverse interest groups needing protection.

4

• British Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel lobbied
  British Parliament to from a professional
  organized police force under government control.

5
Metropolitan Police Act

• Outlined the first duty manual to prevent crime
  and protect order.
• Established a police constabulary modeled into a
  para-military organization with a military style
  rank structure.

6

• Metropolitan Police model was a success and
  gradually extended to all parts of England and
  was exported to America.
• Key component was local control

7
Traditional Management 1750 - 1900

• Concept of local control
• Each county or city having control of the local
  police or sheriffs department
• Department had Centralized Administration
• Control from top
• Limited decision making at the operational level

8
Pendleton Act

• Attempt to limit political influence by the
  creation of a Civil Service to hire and promote
  personnel
• Placed federal employees under a merit system in
  an attempt to reduce political interference

9
Scientific Management Model1900 - Present

• Scientific Management emphasis on efficiency,
  orderliness, and output.
• Division of labor
• Unity of Command and centralization of decision
  making
• One-way authority
• Narrow span of control

10
REFORMERS
11
O. W. Wilson

• Police Management Principals
• Professional police department divorced from
  politics
• Rigorous police personnel selection and training
  process
• Use of latest technology innovations available
  for law enforcement

12
O. W. Wilson

• Opposed civil service because it hampered police
  chiefs from selecting most qualified personnel in
  selection and promotion
• Organized police around
• Planning
• Activating
• Controlling

13
William H. Parker

• LAPD Chief 1950 -1966
• Implemented Scientific Management in the LAPD
• Instituted probationary periods for new officers
• Developed a method of operation manual
• Implemented a research and development division
• LAPD became model for hiring standards,
  recruitment, training, and technology

14
HUMAN RELATIONS MODEL

• 1925 TO PRESENT

15

• Participative Management
• The Police Executive is a team leader
• Manager is first among equals
• People oriented humanistic approach
• Manager defines limits in which decisions can be
  made
• Manager and the group jointly make decisions with
  limits defined by organizational constraints

16
Behavioral Management

• 1945 to Present

Systems Management
1960 to Present
17
Management By Objectives

• Goal Orientated Philosophy and Attitude
• Focus on results, less concerned for method
• Program evaluation and review techniques
• Manner of determining goal achievement
• Planned programmed budgets
• Better identification of expenditures
• Tighter control of unit activities
• Organizational development
• Process of building a sound organizational
  structure

18
Community Policing

• Incorporates problem-solving policing, which
  attempts to solve specific crime problems in the
  community

19
Proactive Police Management

• 1980 to Present

20
Proactive Police Management

• Focus Of The Text
• Objective of policing is crime prevention
• Strong commitment to community involvement
• Modern Bureaucracy
• Full Service Police Department with
  multi-specialist teams
• Full use of modern communication

21

• Modern budgeting and accounting systems
• Crisis Management Planning
• Consultative Management
• Data Driven Department with full use of
  technology
• Emphasis on Operational Utility

22
INNOVATORS
23
WILLIAM BRATTON

• Instituted crime control planning program known
  as COMPSTAT (computer statistics) while he was
  New York City Police Commissioner

24
Lee P. Brown

• Instituted Neighborhood Oriented Police model in
  Houston, Texas.
• Oriented police officer from enforcer of
  neighborhood beats to problem solver.