The beginnings of Psychology

1
The beginnings of Psychology

• By Stanley Robinson

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The concept of Psych.

• Psychology is the scientific study of behavior
  and mental processes and must be studied
  objectively and through observation for best
  results. Not necessarily the study of the mind
  because the mind is something that was created by
  man.

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The very beginnings of psych.

• A little over two thousand years ago, the Greek
  philosopher Aristotle, who was also the teacher
  of Alexander of Macedonia. Wrote about how sleep
  and dreams have the possibility of influencing
  behavior. These topics are studied today in
  psychology

4
19th century

• Several different forms of Psychology were being
  developed during this time
• Experimental ( 1875-1886 ( Wilhelm Wundt )
• Structuralism ( 1898 )
• Functionalism ( 1890-1892 )
• Psychoanalytic ( 1895- 1900 )
• Behaviorism ( 1906- 1913 )
• Neo- Freudianism ( 1914 ( Sigmund Freud )

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Key People

• Wilhelm Wundt- the father of experimental
  psychology ( August 16th, 1832- August 30,1920 )
• Sigmund Freud- the founder of the psychoanalytic
  theory ( 1856- 1939 )
• Ivan Petrovich Pavlov-famous Russian psychologist
  ( September 14th, 1849- February 27th, 1936 )
• Karl Ludwig Bühler- credited with his work in
  gestalt psychology. Also helped in the founding
  of the psychology lab in Würzburg.( May 27th,
  1879- October 24th, 1963 )

6
Wundt Wilhelm

• Wilhelm Wundt was credited by making psychology a
  completely independent science from philosophy.
• Became a psychology professor at the university
  of Leipzig in 1875
• Wundt explored the realm of mental disorders and
  abnormal behavior. He also studied how lights and
  sounds can effect sensations, images and
  feelings.
• In 1874, Wundt published Grundzuge der
  physiologische Psychologie ( Principles of
  physiological psychology ) all of his work was
  based on what was recorded in his book

7
Ivan Pavlov

• Ivan Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for coining the
  importance of conditioning which is also know as
  Pavlovian conditioning. He conducted an
  experiment which involved a dog, a slab of meat
  and a bell. Ivan would first ring the bell, wait
  until the dog begins to salivate then give the
  dog the slab of meat. After a while, he would
  repeat the process but will not give the meat to
  the dog. But the dog will still salivate even
  though it didnt get the meat after Ivan rang the
  bell.

8
Sigmund Freud

• For about fifty years, Freud probed the
  unconscious mind. he conducted these studies
  though patients dreams. One theory called the
  Psychodynamic Dream Theory which was based on the
  wish fulfillment or unconscious desires of the
  dreamer.
• Freud was also interested in patients who had
  problems that seemed more emotional then
  physical. Thus he broke down human personality
  into three different forms
• The ID-instincts and urges for oneself
• The Ego- a system of thinking and planning
• The superego- ultimately controls behavior

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Sigmund Freud (continued)

• Freud introduced four psychosexual stages that he
  believed were crucial for the successful
  development for children into adulthood
• Oral- a fixation with anything involving the
  mouth
• In adults, this could involve kissing, smoking,
  overeating, drinking or being argumentative
• Anal- the ability to let go or hold on
• Holding on- stingy, orderly, compulsively clean
• Letting go- disorganized, cruel, messy
• Phallic- fixated with vanity, pride and in the
  extreme narcissism
• Its believed that sexual interests cause the
  child to be attracted to the parent of the
  opposite sex.
• Genital- begins sometime during puberty. Young
  adults take part in responsible sexual
  relationships which later morphs into a mature
  view of love and full adult sexuality

10
Karl Ludwig Bühler

• In Würzburg during 1907, Buhler finished his
  thesis on Tatsachen und Probleme zu einer
  Psychologie der Denkvorgänge ( Facts and
  problems of psychology of thought processes ). He
  thesis helped shape the Würzburg school of
  psychology.
• In 1922, Bühler became a psychology professor at
  the university of Vienna and later became the
  head of the Psychology department.
• In 1959, he was awarded the Wilhelm Wundt Medal
  by the German Society of Psychology

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Places of study

• University of Vienna
• Established in 1365
• Third oldest university in central Europe and its
  the oldest German speaking university

• University of Leipzig
• Established in 1409
• During World War II, 60 of the universities
  building were destroyed
• The university is ranked 2nd in Germany

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Places of study (continue)

• University of Würzburg
• Established in 1402, although it was closed
  shortly after because of a lack of financial
  stability. Later reopened in 1582.
• After World War II, Bavaria spent millions of
  marks rebuilding the university which was almost
  completely destroyed from artillery fire and air
  raids.

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Work Citied

• (Book) Psychology Modules, Dennis Conn and John
  O. Mitterer
• (web) http//www.enotes.com/psychology-theories/wu
  ndt-wilhelm-max
• (Web) http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_BC3BChle
  r