Portable Power Tools Unit 14 Page 180

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Portable Power ToolsUnit 14Page 180
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Introduction

• Portable Power Tool A tool that can be held in
  the operators hands, but is not hand powered.
• Four common sources of power.

Battery
Electricity
Pneumatic
There are advantages and disadvantages for each
type of power source.
Engine
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1. Electrical Power

• Very popular
• Usually use 120 V, 1ø power

• Disadvantages
• Must stay connected to power cord.
• Hazards of electricity

• Advantages
• Unlimited power
• Many different types of tools.

Extension cord must be proper size and in good
condition.
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2. Pneumatic

• Becoming more popular where compressed air is
  available.

• Disadvantages
• Air must be clean and dry.
• A blast of high pressure air can embed objects in
  the skin or eyes.
• Air hose more difficult to manage than electric
  cord.

• Advantages
• Smaller dimensions for torque produced
• Torque easily adjusted (changing pressure)
• Popular in hazardous environments

• All common tools can be air driven.
• Drills
• Ratchet drives
• Sanders

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3. Battery

• New technology in batteries has made battery
  powered tools the first choice for most
  professionals.

• Advantages
• Portability
• Sealed unit
• No electrical circuit hazards.
• Can be used with a wider variety of tools when
  compared to pneumatic.

• Disadvantages
• May be less torque
• Must have a charged battery to use.
• Batteries can have a short useable life and are
  expensive to replace.

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4. Engine

• Popularity is gaining with the resent invention
  of lighter weigh engines.
• The elimination of 2-cycle engines will require a
  redesign.

• Advantages
• Portability
• No air hose
• No extension cords
• No battery

• Disadvantages
• Must be used in open environment.
• Disadvantage of engine maintenance.
• Safety concerns of gas engines.
• Usually only large sizes.

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Portable Power Tool Safety

• Use GFCI protected circuit.
• Use three-wire electrical source if tool housing
  is metal or partially metal and not double
  insulated.
• Insure blades, bits, and other cutting devices
  are clean and sharp
• Support work carefully
• Keep all tools clean and free of dirt.
• Keep tool vent holes clean.
• Wear appropriate personal protection
• Avoid or use extra care when working in wet areas
• Do not force tools to work.
• Hold power tool firmly and insure your have
  control at all times.
• If the condition of the tool is in doubt, do not
  use.
• Announce to co-workers before starting a tool.
• Lay tool down correctly
• Take any faulty tools out of use and insure they
  are fixed before returning.

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Nail Guns

• Popular because they are fast and efficient.
• Produce enough force to drive 2 - 3 inch nail
  into dense wood.
• Accelerate nail to 1,000 feet per second.
• Four types
• Brad
• Framing
• Finishing
• Staple
• Power
• Pneumatic
• Electric
• Fuel cell
• Fasteners
• 1/4 inch brad and staples up to 4 inch nails.

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Portable Drills

• Size
• Size based on capacity of chuck
• Wattage difference within chuck size
• Common sizes are 1/4, 3/8, 1/2 3/4 inch
• Construction
• Case will be metal, non-metallic or a
  combination.
• Wide variety

• Options
• Variable speed
• Reversing
• Extra handle
• Hammer action

• Torque clutch
• Depth stop
• Drill press attachment
• Keyless chuck
• Screw chuck

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Portable Drill-cont.

• Use many different types of bits.,
• Drill holes and slots
• Use to drive screws
• Sanding disc and wire wheels can be used.
• Must be careful to not exceed the duty cycle

• Always center punch location of hole.
• Drill pilot hole before using a large drill bit.

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Portable Drill Safety

• Inspect bit before using
• Tight chuck using more that one hole
• Center punch metal before starting to drill
• Hold material securely
• Do not exceed rpm of bit
• Use even pressure
• Ease off pressure when drill starts to break
  through
• Dont bind the drill bit
• Stand in a balanced position
• Remove the drill from the chuck when finished
• Store portable drill and bits in case or
  designated storage rack.

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Sander

• Three common types
• Belt
• Disc
• Pad

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Sander-cont.

• Portable power sanders to the same job as hand
  sanding--just faster.
• Normally sand with the grain
• Exceptions
• Uneven boards
• Rough surface
• Removing difficult finishes
• Different grit paper available
• Coarse grit rapid sanding, rough surface
• Fine grit slow sanding, smooth surface

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Belt Sander

• Very versatile
• Popular for rough sanding because of aggressive
  action with coarse belts.
• Can produce smooth finish with fine belt.
• Some belts are not bi-directional.
• Dust collection system highly recommenced.

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Belt Sander Safety

• Wear appropriate PPE
• Check cords and switches
• Install appropriate belt for the desired cutting
  action and finish
• Lay sander on side when not in use
• Empty dust bag frequently
• Always start sander above the surface
• Use two hands at all times
• Keep machine in motion
• Lift off material while still running
• Never sand on the drums

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Disc Sander

• Machine can use sanding disc, grinding wheel and
  wire brush interchangeably.
• Must follow manufacturer's recommendation for
  use.

Power Cord
Switch Lock
Motor Housing
Tool Rest
Handle
Sanding Wheel
Switch
Vents
Sanding Disc
Handle
Guard

• Several tools with this right angle design look
  the same.
• Some are sanders, some are sanders/grinders and
  some are grinders.
• Big difference in construction
• Grinders are much heavier construction.

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Disc Sander Safety

• Select the sanding wheel appropriate for the
  material being sanded.
• Aluminum oxide wood or metal
• Flint paper wood only
• Use the appropriate guard
• Wear appropriate PPE.
• Grip machine firmly in both hands before starting
• Do not force the machine to work
• Lay the machine on the tool rest, not the disc.
• Be aware of, and plan for the direction of
  material being discharged by the wheel.
• Hold small pieces in a vise.

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Disc Grinder Safety

• Wear face shield plus safety glasses.
• Check grinding wheel for cracks before using
• Only use wheel designed for that machine.
• Never use grinding wheel that is less than 1/2
  original diameter.
• Secure small pieces in a vise
• Do grind near combustibles
• Hold the machine with both hands at all times.
• Always be aware of were the discharged sparks
  and grit is going.

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Pad (Finishing) Sander
Handle
Switch Lock
Motor Housing
Power Cord
Handle
Switch
Paper Clamp
Paper Clamp
Sand Paper
Pad

• Multiple pad movements possible.
• Reciprocating
• Circular
• Orbital
• Random
• Slower cutting

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Pad Sander Safety

• Use appropriate PPE.
• Use correct size of paper.
• Disconnect power when changing paper.
• Only use light pressure when sanding

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Portable Saws

• Portable saws can be divided into three
  categories.
• Sabre
• Reciprocating
• Circular

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Sabre Saws

• A compact saw that is very useful for cutting
  curves.
• Designed for wood, but will cut thin metal.
• Blade uses reciprocating motion.
• Can be used for blind cuts.
• Base may tilt for cutting bevels.

Handle
Switch
Power Cord
Motor Housing
Blade Retention Screw
Base Tilt Lock
Base
Blade
Toe
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Sabre Saw Safety

• Wear appropriate PPE
• Select correct blade for job.
• Width of blade determines minimum radius
• Secure material being cut
• Let saw determine feed rate.
• Must maintain downward pressure on the saw when
  cutting.

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Reciprocating Saw
Motor Housing
Switch

• Usually heavier duty that the sabre saw.
• Longer stroke on the blade.
• Many different types of blades.
• Designed for wood and metal.

Switch Lock
Shoe
Handle
Cord
Blade
Blade Retention Screw
Vents

• Does not cut as precise as sabre saw.
• May be multiple speed.
• Can be used to make a blind cut.
• Very popular for demolition work.

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Reciprocating Saw Safety

• Wear appropriate PPE.
• Select the correct blade for the job.
• Select the correct speed.
• Be careful not to bind, pinch or crowd the blade.
• Hold the shoe against the work at all times.
• Do not wear loose fitting clothing.

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Circular Saw

• Most popular saw for carpentry work.
• Different size and types of blades are available.
• Can be used for wood and metal.
• Available in direct mount, right and left hand
  and worm drive.

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Circular Saw Safety

• Wear appropriate PPE.
• Use face shield safety glasses
• Use blade appropriate for work.
• Support work correctly.
• Disconnect the power when adjusting the saw.
• Adjust blade for depth so that only 1/4 inch or
  the depth of one tooth extends through the work.
• Hold saw in both hands.
• Start the saw before contacting work.
• If the saw stalls, back out of kerf.
• Watch the line ahead of the saw.
• Near the end of the cut reduce the pressure.
• For ripping use the ripping guide attachment or
  clamp a straight edge to the work.

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Circular Saw Capacity

• Capacity of portable circular saws at 45 degree
  bevel and straight.

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Router

• Routers are used for specialized jobs such as
  ornamental shapes, rabbets, dadoes, hinges, etc.
• Router bits turn at high speeds.
• May have several attachments.
• Must use guide to complete straight cuts.
• May be mounted on a table.

Cord
Switch
Depth of Cut Adjustment
Depth of cut Scale
Handle
Collet
Base
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Router Safety

• Wear appropriate PPE.
• Secure work.
• Insure router is unplugged before installing bit
  or setting depth adjustment.
• Always inspect bit for condition and sharpness.
• Install the appropriate bit.
• Insure bit shank is fully inserted into collet.
• Carefully set depth of cut.
• Set base squarely on work.
• Always use both handles
• Feed router into work at correct speed.

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Questions