Machine Guarding 29 CFR 1910.211 to 1910.219

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Machine Guarding29 CFR 1910.211 to 1910.219
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Rule of Thumb

• Any machine part, function, or process that may
  cause injury must be safeguarded.

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Regulatory Requirements

• Regulatory requirements found in 29 CFR 1910,
  Subpart O
• Applies to specific types of equipment
• Delineates general requirements

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Where Mechanical Hazards Occur

• The point of operation
• In the power transmission apparatus
• Other moving parts

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Hazardous Mechanical Motions

• Rotating
• Reciprocating
• Transverse

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Hazardous Actions

• Cutting
• Punching
• Shearing
• Bending

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Types of Rotating Mechanisms

• Collars
• Couplings
• Cams
• Clutches
• Flywheels
• Shaft ends
• Spindles

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Nip Points

• Caused by rotating parts
• Causes include
• Parts rotating in opposite directions
• Parts rotating tangentially
• Parts rotating close to a fixed part

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Types of Reciprocating Motions

• Back and forth
• Up and down

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Types of Transverse Motions

• Straight and in a continuous line
• Examples include two pulleys and a belt

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Cutting Actions

• Include
• Rotating motions
• Reciprocating motions
• Transverse motions

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Types of Cutting Mechanisms

• Band saws
• Circular saws
• Boring or drilling machines
• Lathes
• Milling machines

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Types of Punching Actions

• A ram mechanism
• Blanks
• Draws
• Stamps
• Used on metal or other materials

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Types of Punching Equipment

• Power presses
• Iron working equipment

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Types of Shearing Actions

• Uses a powered slide or knife
• Done to trim or shear metal or other materials

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Types of Shearing Equipment

• Shears that are operated
• Hydraulically
• Mechanically
• Pneumatically

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Types of Bending Actions

• Power is applied to a slide to
• Draw
• Stamp
• Used on metal or other materials

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Types of Bending Equipment

• Power presses
• Press brakes
• Tubing benders

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Requirements for Safeguards

• Minimum general requirements include
• Prevent contact
• Secure
• Protect from falling objects
• Create no new hazards
• Create no interference
• Allow for safe lubrication

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Classifications of Safeguards

• Guards
• Devices
• Location/distance
• Feeding and ejection methods
• Miscellaneous aids

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Types of Guards

• Fixed
• Interlocked
• Adjustable
• Self-adjusting

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Types of Devices

• Presence Sensing
• Photoelectrical
• Radio frequency
• Electromechanical
• Pullbacks or Restraints

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Types of Devices (cont.)

• Safety Controls
• Safety trip control
• Pressure-sensitive body bar
• Safety tripod
• Safety tripwire cable
• Two-hand control
• Two-hand trip
• Gates
• Interlocked
• Other

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Location/Distance

• Makes it virtually impossible to contact moving
  parts
• Separates operators from the equipment
• Limited by the available workspace

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Feeding and Ejection Methods

• Automatic feed
• Semiautomatic feed
• Automatic ejection
• Semiautomatic ejection
• Robot

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Miscellaneous Aids

• Awareness barriers
• Protective shields
• Hand-feeding tools and holding fixtures

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Quiz

• 1. Mechanical hazards occur at the point of
  operation, in the power transmission apparatus,
  and ____________.
• 2. Any moving part on a piece of equipment that
  could injure an employee should be guarded.
  True or False
• 3. Power presses are extremely dangerous because
  of the force necessary for them to operate.
  True or False
• 4. Shearing mechanisms can be operated with
  _____________, ___________, or ___________
  energy.
• 5. As long as the guards remain in place,
  operators should not be trained on machine
  guarding. True or False

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Quiz (cont.)

• 6. A robot is one type of automated feeding and
  ejection mechanism. True or False
• 7. Hazardous mechanical motions include
  _____________, ____________, and _____________.
• 8. Nip points are created when sliding
  mechanisms move back and forth. True or False
• 9. Cutting mechanisms include ___________________
  _, ____________________ and ____________________.
• 10. Location and distance is not a classification
  of machine safeguarding. True or False

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Quiz Answers

• 1. Mechanical hazards occur at the point of
  operation,in the power transmission apparatus,
  and in any other moving parts.
• 2. True. All moving parts that create a hazard
  should be guarded.
• 3. True. The force of a power press can destroy
  metal, let alone the human body.
• 4. Shearing mechanisms can be operated with
  hydraulic, mechanical, or pneumatic energy.
• 5. False. If operators work with equipment
  containing safeguards, they should be adequately
  trained on how to use them.

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Quiz Answers (cont.)

• 6. True. A robot is a type of feeding and/or
  ejection method.
• 7. Hazardous mechanical motions include rotating,
  reciprocating, and transverse.
• 8. False. Nip points are created by rotating
  parts.
• 9. Cutting mechanisms include band saws, circular
  saws, drilling machines, lathes, and milling
  machines.
• 10. False. Location and distance is one of five
  classifications of machine safeguarding.