Textiles

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Textiles

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Fibers Basic Unit of all Textile Products- tiny hair like. All fibers have their own characteristics and properties, depending upon their source, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Textiles

1
Textiles

Natural
Man-made
Synthetic

2
Fibers

Basic Unit of all Textile Products- tiny hair
like.
All fibers have their own characteristics and
properties, depending upon their source, chemical
composition, and quality. No fiber is perfect.
Each has some good, fair, and poor qualities that
may make it suitable or unsuitable for certain
uses.

3
Fibers cont

The basic characteristics of a fiber can be
slightly altered but never totally changed. The
fiber may be short, long, straight, or curly.
These fiber characteristics greatly affect the
appearance, and performance of the fabrics they
are made into.
The Characteristics you look for in childrens
clothing is totally different that you would look
for in evening wear for yourself.
Thus an understanding of fibers, yarns, and
fabrics if basic to the study of apparel.

4
Yarns

Formed by a continuous strand of fibers usually
twisted together.

5
Fabrics

Are formed when yarns are combined. Fabrics may
be constructed using a variety of different
methods such as
Weaving
Knitting
Felting

6
Fiber Sources

Natural- Plant or Animal fiber that grows in
nature. Two categories Cellulosic Fibers
(plant), and Protein Fibers (animal). Include
Cotton, Linen, Wool, Silk, Ramie, Hemp, Jute,
Bamboo, Leather

7
Fiber Sources (cont)

Man-made- Made from a Natural material called
Cellulose. The cellulose is turned into a liquid
and poured through a spinneret. Includes
Acetate, Rayon, Triacetate, Lyocell.
Spinneret- Like a showerhead, that sprays out
chemicals that harden into long strands called
filament fibers.

8
Fiber Sources (cont)

Synthetic- Made from chemicals, petroleum, coal,
and natural gas. All of these fibers are
manufactured from different combinations of
petroleum, natural gas, air and water. They are
poured through a spinneret. Include Acrylic,
Polyester, Nylon, Modacrylic, Spandex, and
Olefin.

9
Fiber Structures

Staple Fibers- Short Fuzzy- Usually between 1
and 4 long. These tiny fibers already exist in a
plant or animal. The fibers just need to be
cleaned up, sorted, and purified before they are
used for fabrics.
Short
Look lumpy and bumpy under a microscope
Include all natural fibers, except silk

10
Fiber Structures (cont)

Filament Fibers- Long and smooth (like fishing
line)
Include all man-made, and synthetic fibers
Include Silk
Spinneret- All man-made and Synthetic fibers are
poured through a Spinneret to create the fiber.

11
Natural Fibers

Cotton
Flax (Linen)
Wool
Silk
Hemp
Bamboo
Ramie
Leather

12
Natural Fibers- Sources

Plants and animals sources that grow in nature
Cellulosic- Plant fibers
Cotton
Linen (flax)
Ramie
Hemp
Bamboo
Ramie
Protein- Animal fibers
Wool
Silk
Leather

13
General Characteristics of Natural Fibers

Absorbent- able to take up moisture
Porous- able to breathe, air passes through
Biodegradable- able to break down
Most wrinkle easily
Tend to be more expensive
Staple fibers which look

14
Cotton advantages

Strong, durable
Soft
Absorbs moisture
Breathes well
Washes easily
Dyes well

15
Cotton disadvantages

Mildews
Does not spring back into shape
Wrinkles easily
Burns readily
Shrinks

16
Clothing/Fashion uses

Blouses
Dresses
Skirts
Underwear
Shirts
Jeans
Sportswear

17
Care of Cotton

Wash in washer and dry
Iron at high temperature

18
Flax (Linen) Advantages

STRONG
Absorbs moisture
Comfortable in warm weather
Washes easily

19
Linen disadvantages

Mildews
WRINKLES
Burns easily

20
Clothing/Fashion uses

Blouses
Dresses
Skirts
Suits

21
Care of Linen

Wash or Dry Clean, CHECK LABEL
Washing will change the hand of the fabric
making it soft and wrinkled in appearance
Iron at HIGH temperature with moisture

22
Wool Advantages