Title: CCNA Exploration LAN Switching and Wireless
1CCNA Exploration LAN Switching and Wireless
- ???? 3
- ????????? ??????? ?????
- VLANs
2????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????
3????? ??????????? ?????
- 1 ???? 1 ?????
- ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????
4VLAN?
- VLAN ?????????? LAN ?????
- ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???
????????? ??????????????. - ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??-????? ??????????????
5- VLAN ????????
- ????????????? ?? ?????
- ????????????? ?? ????????? ?????
- ?????????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? VLAN
- ????????????? ?? PC ??????????? ?? IP ??
??????????? VLAN
6?????????? ?? VLAN
- Security ????? ????????? ????? ? ?????? ??
??????????. - ???????????? ??-????????? ???????????, ????
????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?
??????????. - ?????? ??????????????? ?? ???? Layer 2 ???????
?? ??????? ?? broadcast ??????? ??-?????
??????? ??????. - ???????????? ?? Broadcast storm broadcast
??????????? ?? ???????? ???? ? ?????????? VLAN. - ????????? ????????????? ?? IT ???????????
??????? ?? ????????? ??-????? ??? ???????? ??
??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????
??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????
????????. - ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ? ??????????
????????????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ? ??????????
?????.
7?????????? ?? VLAN
8VLAN ID
- ????????
- ????? ? ?????? ??????
- ?? 1 ?? 1005
- ?? 1002 ?? 1005 ??????????? ?? Token Ring ?
FDDI - ID 1, 1002?1005 ?? ????????? ??????????? ? ??
???? ?? ?? ??????. - VLAN ?????????????? ?? ????????? ? vlan.dat (????
?????) ??? ?????. - VLAN trunking protocol (VTP), ????? ?????????
VLAN ?????????????? ????? ????????? ???? ??
??????? ???? ?? ???????? VLAN - ?????????
- ? ????? ?? ????????????
- ?? 1006 ?? 4094
- ??-????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? VLAN
- ?????????? ?? ? running-config
- VTP ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? VLAN
- Cisco Catalyst 2960 ???????? ?? 255 VLAN
(???????? ? ?????????).
9?????? VLAN
- Data VLAN
- Default VLAN
- Native VLAN
- Management VLAN
10Data VLAN
- ???? ????????????? ?????? (user VLAN)
11Default VLAN
- ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????
- VLAN1
- ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ? ??????????
- ?? VLAN1 ????? ????????? ?????? ?? CDP ? STP
(spanning tree protocol)
12Native VLAN
- ???????????? ?? ?? 802.1Q trunk port (????
??????? ?????? ?? ????????? VLAN ??? ?? ??
??????). - untagged traffic
13Management VLAN
- ?? ?????????? ?? ????? (?? HTTP, Telnet, SSH,
SNMP) - ?? ???????????? VLAN1
14Voice VLAN
- ?????????? ??? Voice over IP (VoIP)
- ??????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????
?? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????. - ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????.
- ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????.
- ?????????? ?150 ms
15Voice VLAN
16IP ?????????? ?? Cisco ??????? ???? ???????
- ???? ?????????? 3-?????? ???? (10/100 Mbps)
- Port 1 ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? VoIP
?????????? - Port 2 ???????? ????????? ?? ?????????? IP
??????. - Port 3 (access port) ?? ?????? ? PC ??? ?????
??????????. - ???????? ????? ????? ? IP ???????? ?? ?????????
?? CDP ????????.
17????????????? ?? ?????
18?????? ?????? ??????
- Network Management and Control Traffic (CDP,
SNMP, RMON) - IP Telephony
- ???????
- ????
- IP Multicast (IP/TV ) ?????? ? ??????? ?? ??
???????? ???? ?? ????, ????? ?? ?? ????????. - Normal Data
- ?????? ?? ???????
- ?????????? ??????
- ?????? ?? ???? ?????
- ??.
- Scavenger Class (??????? ??????)
- peer-to-peer media-sharing applications (KaZaa,
Morpheus, Groekster, Napster, iMesh, and so on) - On-line ????
19?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????
- Static VLAN ??????????? ?? ?????
- Dynamic VLAN (?????) ???????? ?? ?????????
?????? VLAN Membership Policy Server (VMPS),
????????????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????. - Voice VLAN ?? IP ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??
???????????? ??????? VLAN-??? ?? ???? ? ?????.
20Voice VLAN
21Broadcast ???????
- ????? ?? ????????? ? ???? VLAN
- ????? ?? ????????? ????? VLAN-?
22Layer 3 switch
- switch virtual interface (SVI) ??????????,
????? ????????? ?? Layer 3 ???? ?? ?????? ??????
????? ???????? ????????? ?????. - SVI ? ????????? ?????????, ????? ?? ???????????
?? ????? VLAN.
23VLAN trunks
24 Trunk
- Trunk - point-to-point ?????? ????? 2 ???????
??????????, ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? VLAN-?. - Trunk ?? Fast Ethernet / Gigabit Ethernet - IEEE
802.1Q
25??? ?????
26? ?????
27802.1Q
- Switch layer 2 (?? ???? IP ??????) gt
????????? ?? VLAN ?????????? ??? ??????.
- 3 ???? ?????????
- 1 ??? - Canonical Format Identifier (CFI) ??
?????? ?? Token Ring ???????? ???? Ethernet
?????. - 12 ???? VLAN ID (2 12 4024)
28Native VLANs and 802.1Q Trunking
- Native VLAN ?? ??????????, ????? ?? ????????
?????????? ?? - ????????? ???????? ? Native VLAN ?? ????????? ??
?????. - ????????????? ????????
- ?? ???????? ? PVID (??????????? ?? VLAN ID) ??
Native VLAN - ?? ?????? ?? ???????????
- ?? ????????? ?? Native VLAN
29????????????? ?? Native VLAN
30????????????? ?? ??????
31Inter-switch link (ISL)
- Cisco legacy trunking protocol
- ?? ?? ???????? ????
- ???????????? ISL ??????? ?? ????????
- ?????? ??????????? ?????? (native) ?? ISL ?????
?? ?????????.
32Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)
- ???????? ?? Cisco
- ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????
- DTP ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????, ????? ?
???????????? ???? ?????. - ???????? ? ISL ? 802.1Q
- DTP ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????
????????? ??????, ?? ????? ???? ???? ????????
????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????????. - DTP ?????????? ?????? ????????? (advertisements)
? ????????? ????
33????? ??????
- On (default)
- ????? ?????? ? ? ????????? trunk
- ??????????? ?? ? switchport mode trunk
- Dynamic desirable (?????)
- ????????? ? ????????? trunk , ??? ??? ??????????
???? ? ? ????????? trunk, auto ??? desirable. - ??????????? ?? ? switchport mode dynamic
desirable - Dynamic auto
- ????????? ? ????????? trunk , ??? ?????????? ????
? ? ????????? trunk ??? desirable. - ??????????? ?? ? switchport mode dynamic auto
- Access (Turn off DTP)
- ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ? ????????? trunk
- ??????????? ?? ? switchport nonegotiate.
34????????????? ?? VLAN ? Trunk
35????????
- ????????????? ?? VLAN-???
- ?????????????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????????
VLAN-??? ???????? - ???????? ?? VLAN ??????????????
- ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????????
- ???????? ?? trunk ??????????????
36????????????? ?? VLAN-???
S1config t S1(config)vlan vlan_id S1(config)name vlan_name S1(config)end ?????? S1config t S1(config)vlan 20 S1(config)name student S1(config)end
37?????????????? ?? ?????????
?.???????? ???-??-?????
S1config t S1(config)interface interface_id S1(config-if)switchport mode access S1(config-if)switchport access vlan vlan_id S1(config-if)end ?????? S1config t S1(config)interface fa 0/18 S1(config-if)switchport mode access S1(config-if)switchport access vlan 20 S1(config-if)end
38???????? ?? VLAN ??????????????
- S1show vlan breif id vlan_id name
vlan_name summary - S1show interface interface_id vlan vlan_id
switchport
39??????? ?? VLAN
40??????? ?? VLAN
41??????? ?? ?????????
42?????????? ?? ??????????? ????-VLAN
?.???????? ???-??-?????
S1(config)interface fa 0/18 S1(config-if)no
switchport access vlan
43?????????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? VLAN-?
?.???????? ???-??-?????
S1(config)interface fa 0/11 S1(config-if)switchp
ort mode access S1(config-if)switchport access
vlan 20 S1(config-if)end
44?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? VLAN
- S1(config) no vlan vlan-id
- ???????? VLAN ? ????? vlan-id ?? ???????????
????? - S1(config) delete flashvlan.dat
- ???????? ?????? VLAN-???
45??????????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????????
- S1(config)interface interface_id
- S1(config-if)switchport mode trunk
- S1(config-if)switchport trunk native vlan
vlan_id - S1(config-if)end
- ??????
- S1(config)interface fa 0/1
- S1(config-if)switchport mode trunk
- S1(config-if)switchport trunk native vlan 99
- S1(config-if)end
46???????
47???????????????? ?? trunk
- S1(config-if)no switchport mode trunk allowed
vlan - S1(config-if)no switchport trunk native vlan
- S1(config-if)switchport mode access
48???????? ??? ????? ????????
?.???????? ???-??-?????
49????????
- ????? ?? Native VLAN ?? ?????????? ?????
????????? ?? ????????????? ???????? native VLANs
?????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ? ??
?????????? ??????????? ?? ???????. - ????? ?? Trunk ????? ??????? ???? ? ? trunk
"off", ? ??????? ? trunk "on ???????? ??
??????. - ??????????? ?? VLAN ? IP ????? ?? ??????
?????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????? ???
???? VLAN , ? IP ??????? ?? ? ?? ????? ?????
???? ?????? ?? ???????. - ?????? VLAN-?, ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??
????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????.
50????? ?? Native VLAN
51????? ?? Native VLAN
52 53????? ?? Trunk ?????
54 55 56(No Transcript)
57?????? VLAN-?, ????????? ?? ??????
58 59 60??????????? ?? VLAN ? IP ????? ?? ??????
??????????
61- ????????????
- ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? 172.17.10.21.
62????????? ?? ??????????!
?.???????? ???-??-?????