CHALLENGES AND IMPACT OF AVIATION SECURITY :

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• TOPIC 2
• CHALLENGES AND IMPACT OF AVIATION SECURITY
• THE REGULATORS PERSPECTIVE
• BY

JULIUS KAMHABWA CHIEF CIVIL AVIATION
SECURITY TANZANIA CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY
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PRESENTATION COVERAGE

• Introduction
• Aviation security
• ICAO approach to aviation security
• Regulators responsibility
• Role of Operators
• Relationship between the regulator and operators
• Impact of aviation security
• Challenges
• The way forward
• Conclusion

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Introduction

• Most of us would agree that concessions and
  regulatory frameworks are intertwined one cannot
  work without the other. The need for regulators
  under concession environment is underlined by
  necessity to protect both the suppliers and
  consumers of services and goods.
•  We should therefore commend our Governments for
  taking a bold move to establish autonomous
  regulators in EA Countries, i.e. KCAA, TCAA,
  Uganda CAA, Rwanda CAA and Burundi CAA.

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Introduction

• That was a bold decision as we very well know
  regulatory powers are traditionally preserve of
  the governments. Under the autonomous regulatory
  principle, the Government essentially gives away,
  surrenders or relinquishes some of those powers
  to a large extent.
• It does not however, mean that the regulators
  would operate in isolation and in disregard of
  the Governments they shouldnt operate in a
  vacuum. Governments are policy makers,
  signatories to international conventions whose
  main objectives are people focussed, i.e.
  bringing about social and economic development to
  their people.
•  

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Aviation security

• Aviation security is designed to safeguard civil
  aviation operations against acts of unlawful
  interference. Aviation security system protects
  airplanes and passengers, as well as property and
  people on the ground by preventing potential
  perpetrators of aviation terrorism from breaching
  security checkpoints and gaining access to
  secure airport areas and to aircraft.
• A single lapse in aviation security system can
  result in multiple deaths destroy equipment
  worth millions of dollars, and immeasurable
  negative impacts on the economy and the publics
  confidence in air travel. For example, the
  terrorist attacks that occurred in USA on
  September 11, 2001 where terrorists exploited the
  weaknesses in aviation security, produced
  catastrophic results as we all remember.

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Aviation security

• Other terrorist attacks on East African soil,
  include the Israeli-owned Paradise hotel was
  attacked and Israel aircraft was missed in an
  attempt to shoot it, in Kenya in 2002. The July
  2010 Kampala attacks were suicide bombings
  carried out against crowds watching a screening
  of 2010 FIFA World Cup Final match during the
  World Cup at two locations in Kampala, Uganda, on
  11 July, 2010. The attacks left 74 dead and 70
  injured. In January 2012, a grenade explosion at
  a busy market in Rwanda's capital Kigali killed 2
  and injured at least 16 in the latest in a string
  of similar attacks.

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Aviation security

• Tanzanians, still remember the fatal terrorist
  attack that happened on May 5, 2013 on a church
  premise in Arusha, which caused death of 3
  innocent persons and injured 60 others. These are
  painful reminders to us all that terrorism is
  still and anyone can be a target.
• Therefore, a sufficiently high level of security
  must be provided throughout the entire civil
  aviation system. The flexibility to respond
  quickly to new information about aviation
  security threats and this must also be enshrined
  in our security processes.

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ICAO approach to aviation security

• ICAO in its effort to ensure secure civil
  aviation in the globe, created international
  legal instruments The Tokyo, The Hague and
  Montreal Conventions, the Protocol Supplementary
  to the Montreal Convention and the Convention on
  the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the
  Purpose of Detection, the Beijing Instruments and
  Annex 17 standards.
• To further ensue whether the standards and
  recommended practices are implemented and
  practiced uniformly globally, ICAO established
  the USAP Audits to evaluate the level of
  compliance by States and where deficiencies are
  noted by providing recommendations for correction
  of the lapses.

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Regulators responsibility

• A regulator is a person or organisation whose job
  is to ensure that companies, systems, etc, act in
  a well defined procedural, fairly, follow rules
  and guidelines. Functions of the regulator are
  based on the 8 critical elements for effective
  AVSEC Oversight
• Establishment of Legislation, Operating
  Regulations, Organization for AVSEC oversight
  functions, Qualified Technical Personnel and
  their training and Technical Guidance, Tools and
  the Provision of security risk assessment
  information,
• Implementation of Certification and Programme
  approvals, and Resolution/enforcement of non
  compliances.

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Regulators responsibility

• The regulator has a duty of setting national
  standards. These include but not limited to
• Developing, implementing and maintaining national
  security programmes
• Defining and allocating the tasks for the
  implementation of the various security aspects
• Reviewing and approving Operator Security
  Programmes
• Ensuring that operators provide the necessary
  supporting facilities, including office space,
  telecommunication equipment, appropriate security
  equipment, and training facilities and security
  services

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Regulators responsibility

• Developing and revising broad national policies
  and developing and issuing comprehensive orders,
  advisory circulars, directives, procedures, and
  templates relating to civil aviation security
• Ensuring that architectural and
  infrastructure-related requirements necessary for
  the optimum implementation of both national and
  international aviation security measures are
  integrated into the design and construction of
  new facilities and alterations to existing civil
  aviation facilities
• Conducting security risk assessments in liaison
  with other relevant national security organs and
  advising operators on establishment of restricted
  areas
• Ensuring contingency plans are in place and
  frequently exercised, to assess the preparedness,
  and
• Issuance of screener certification to successful
  candidates

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Operators

• Their responsibilities are to manage and
  conduct security operations in their facilities
  that include
• Establishing and implementing security measures
  to prevent acts of unlawful interference
• Establishing and maintaining SPs detailing the
  individual security measures,, ensuring
  compliance with the requirements of the national
  AVSEC programme
• Establishing and maintaining contingency plans
  for management of acts of unlawful interference
• Ensuring all staff assigned to implement security
  controls retains effectiveness in performing
  their assigned duties through adequate training,
  certification and regular recurrent training.

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Operators

• Developing and implementing internal quality
  control programmes to ensure proper application
  of security controls through periodic testing and
  evaluation of their respective security
  programmes
• Ensuring access control of persons and vehicles
  to restricted areas and on board aircraft to
  prevent introduction of prohibited items and
  dangerous items.
• Ensuring all personnel implementing security
  controls are recruited in accordance with the
  selection criteria set forth under national
  standards, to include background checks and
  certification requirements

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Relationship between the regulator and operators

• The regulator conducts oversight of airport
  operations, airline operations, handling agents,
  catering and cargo security and ensures the
  security concerns are rectified.
•  

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Impact of aviation security

• Aviation Security has created and maintained
  robust airport, aircraft, regulated agents and
  catering security systems that have resulted in
  prevention of loss of lives, destruction of
  equipment worth millions of dollars, and have
  also prevented immeasurable negative impacts on
  the economy and the publics confidence in air
  travel.
• On the other side, aviation security has not only
  been a costly undertaking in terms of employment
  of a big number of staff, their remuneration and
  other benefits but also acquisition of costly
  security equipment and their maintenance to
  conduct sustainable security operations.

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Challenges

• The major challenges facing the aviation
  security systems include
• Emerging threats to aviation with the changing
  terror tactics
• Underdeveloped/less mechanized Civil Aviation
  Infrastructure and facilities country wide
• Inadequate security configuration at airports as
  many terminal buildings are old and were built
  without security considerations
• Shortage and or lack of security equipment
• Little awareness and laxity of operators to
  effectively implement security requirements and
• Shortage or limited resources, adequately trained
  human resource and finance.

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The way forward

• There should be
• continuous compliance with ICAO and national
  aviation security standards and recommended
  practices by operators in mitigating unlawful
  interference in the civil aviation, this should
  include
• immediate correction of deficiencies noted
  through oversights.
• the regulators should ensure effective
  implementation of security oversights of the
  industry.
• Sharing of sensitive information within the EA
  States
• Training of Aviation Security personnel
• Timely reviewing legislations and enabling
  Regulations
• Availability of guidance materials
• Availability of security equipment and
  facilities
• Adequate security configurations, and
• Attractive remunerations and motivation to
  security staff.

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Conclusion

• Concessions and regulatory frameworks are
  intertwined therefore they have to work together
  in maintaining robust aviation security systems
  in the EA countries. Aviation security has
  enabled the aviation industry to have intractable
  services hence growth of the economies of these
  countries and increased publics confidence in
  air travel. Continuous compliance with aviation
  security standards and recommended practices by
  airport operators, aircraft operators, handling
  agents and catering stands to ensure secure and
  sustainability civil aviation activities. At the
  same time, regulators have to ensure effective
  implementation of security oversights of the
  industry in mitigating unlawful interference in
  the industry

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Summary

• Regulators and their Importance
• Functions of Aviation security and incidents that
  occures due security lapses
• ICAO approach to aviation security, International
  legal instruments and SARPs
• Regulators responsibility based on 8 CEs
• Role of Operators
• Relationship between the regulator and operators
• Impact of aviation security
• Challenges
• The way forward