POPULATIONS

1
Animals

• POPULATIONS
• ECOSYSTEMS
• HABITATS
• NICHES

2
Ecosystem

• Definition
• A system formed by the interaction of a community
  of organisms with their natural environment.
• Includes biotic, or living components.
• Includes abiotic, or non-living components.

3
Ecosystem Model
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Organisms in an Ecosystem

• Autotrophs
• An organism that can make or synthesize its own
  food from sunlight or chemical energy.

5
Organisms in an Ecosystem

• Autotrophs
• An organism that can make or synthesize its own
  food from sunlight or chemical energy.
• Heterotrophs
• An organism that cannot synthesize its own food
  energy, and must get it from organic sources in
  the ecosystem in which it lives.

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Organisms in an ecosystem need
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Organisms in an ecosystem need
food
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Organisms in an ecosystem need
food
shelter
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Organisms in an ecosystem need
food
shelter
AIR
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Organisms in an ecosystem need
food
shelter
AIR
Water
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Organisms in an ecosystem need
food
shelter
AIR
Space
Water
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Organisms in an ecosystem need
food
shelter
AIR
LIMITING FACTORS
Space
Water
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• Day 2

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Different Levels of a Landscape

• Organisms live together in many different levels
  with different classifications.

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Different Levels of a Landscape

• Species An organism that creates a viable,
  fertile offspring through the process of
  reproduction.

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Different Levels of a Landscape

• Population A group of organisms of the same
  species living at the same place at the same
  time.

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Different Levels of a Landscape

• Community A group of interdependent species
  interacting with each other in the same habitat.

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Different Levels of a Landscape

• Habitat The geographic place and conditions in
  which a population and biological community
  exist.

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Different Levels of a Landscape

• Day 3

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Roles in a habitat
Organisms need to satisfy all of their needs for
life within their habitats
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Roles in a habitat
And sometimes try to use the same resources to
live
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Roles in a habitat
Definition Competition- interaction between
individuals or populations that usually has a
negative effect for all organisms.
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Roles in a habitat
Definition Niche - The specific area an
organism inhabits - The role or function of an
organism or species in an ecosystem. - The
interaction of all biotic and abiotic factors
relating to it.
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Roles in a habitat
Definition Niche or An organisms role, or
job within the habitat and ecosystem.
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Types of Niches in a Habitat
Producer an autotrophic organism that uses the
process of photosynthesis to create a chemical
food source.
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Types of Niches in a Habitat
Consumer - a heterotrophic organism that
obtains food and energy from other organisms.
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Types of Niches in a Habitat
Decomposer - an organism who performs the task
of recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem
through the process of decomposition, as it feeds
on dead or decaying organisms.
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A place to see this all in action
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The Man who saw this and pondered
Charles Darwin Naturalist aboard The Beagle
1831-1836
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Food Chains
Day 4
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Food Chains
Organisms can be organized into a connected line
of telling where they get their energy from.
This connected line is called a Food Chain
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Food Chains
We already discussed that producers are
autotrophs that get their energy from the sun
thru photosynthesis. Producers are called
Primary Producers in a food chain. (write these
terms down).
sun
Autotroph Primary Producer
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Food Chains
sun
A heterotroph that eats the primary producer is
called a Primary Consumer.
Autotroph Primary Producer
Heterotroph Primary Consumer
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Food Chains
Sometimes heterotrophs will prey on and eat a
primary consumer. They are called Tertiary
Consumers.
sun
Autotroph Primary Producer
Heterotroph Tertiary Consumer
Heterotroph Primary Consumer
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Food Chains
Definitions Predator an animal that hunts and
kills an animal of prey. Prey an animal that a
predator feeds upon.
sun
Autotroph Primary Producer
Heterotroph Tertiary Consumer
Heterotroph Primary Consumer
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Food Chains
If an animal is at the top of its food chain, and
is not prey for another species, then it is
called the Apex Predator.
sun
Autotroph Primary Producer
Heterotroph Tertiary Consumer
Heterotroph Primary Consumer
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Food Chains
Eventually all animals die, and their tissues are
broken down by decomposers.
sun
Autotroph Primary Producer
Heterotroph Tertiary Consumer
decomposer
Heterotroph Primary Consumer
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Food Chains
Sometimes an animal will eat another organism,
but only after it is dead, or has been killed by
a different species. These animals are called
Scavengers.
sun
Autotroph Primary Producer
Heterotroph Tertiary Consumer
decomposer
Heterotroph Primary Consumer
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Food Chains
Definition Scavenger an animal that eats the
carcass of a dead animal it usually did not kill.
sun
Autotroph Primary Producer
Scavenger.
Heterotroph Tertiary Consumer
decomposer
Heterotroph Primary Consumer
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Other Useful Definitions
Herbivore An animal that eats only
plants. Carnivore An animal that eats only
animals. Omnivore An animal that eats both
plants and animals.
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Make your Own!!
Your task Use the information you have gathered
about your animal to sketch a complete food chain
of your animal, including the sun, primary
producers, consumers (all of them) and
decomposers. If your animal is prey, then draw
what the predator is.
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Other Useful Definitions
Label the sketch with the vocabulary words we
just wrote down. Use color and make it a good
quality sketch.