Ocean Movement

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Ocean Movement

• It all begins with the sun

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Uneven Heating of the Earth

• The Earth's major source of energy is the Sun.
  The Earth is constantly receiving solar energy,
  but different areas of Earth receive different
  amounts of solar energy. This affects weather and
  climate.

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• Different areas of the Earth receive different
  amounts of sunlight.

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• The equator receives the most sunlight because
  the Sun is closer to being directly overhead
  year-round than it is at any other place on the
  Earth. This increases the amount of heat energy
  received and explains why areas near the equator
  have tropical climates.

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• The poles receive the least sunlight, which is
  why they have cold climates.

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• The solar energy received by the Earth causes
  ocean currents, winds, seasons, and climate
  differences.

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OCEAN CURRENTS

• The uneven heating of the Earth's surface creates
  energy flow. Winds and ocean currents flow from
  warmer areas to colder areas, which means that
  they travel from the equator toward the poles.

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• Because water has a much higher heat capacity
  (absorbs and lets go of heat more) slowly than
  land, water temperature will increase and
  decrease less than land temperature.
• For example, during daytime, land temperatures
  might change by tens of degrees, while water
  temperature change by less than half a degree.

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• This means that coastal land temperatures dont
  fluctuate (go up and down) extremely (a lot)
  because the ocean water nearby doesnt fluctuate
  much.

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UpwellingCauses cold, nutrient rich water from
the deep ocean to rise to the surface.
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El Nino and La Nina

• El Nino is a change in water temperature in the
  Pacific ocean that produces a warm current.
• La Nina is a change in temperature in the Eastern
  Pacific that causes surface water temperature to
  be much colder than usual

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• BOTH El nino and La Nina can cause flooding (too
  much rain) and drought (too little rain) in
  different places on Earth. Upwelling does not
  occur where it normally would and this affects
  fish and sealife.

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Coriolis Effect

• Because of the coriolis effect, winds appear to
  deflected to the east or west depending on the
  direction winds are traveling.

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• A buoy records data about surface ocean
  temperature and transmits (sends) the information
  to a satellite in space that then
  transmits(sends) the information to scientists.

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Wave crest trough

• Two parts of a wave
• Crest highest part of a wave
• Trough lowest part of a wave

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• Surface ocean currents are primarily formed by
  _______.
• A. winds
• B. tides
• C. aquatic organisms
• D. underwater volcanoes

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• Surface ocean currents are primarily formed by
  _______.
• A. winds

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• Regions at different latitudes around the world
  receive different amounts of solar radiation.
  Polar regions receive the least amount of solar
  radiation, while the equator receives the most.
  How does this most likely affect the global
  climate?
• A. polar regions experience colder climates
• B. the global climate is mostly cold
• C. the global climate is mostly warm
• D. equatorial regions experience colder
  climates

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Regions at different latitudes around the world
receive different amounts of solar radiation.
Polar regions receive the least amount of solar
radiation, while the equator receives the most.
How does this most likely affect the global
climate? Answer A. polar regions experience
colder climates
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• Currents caused by differences in water density
  are most often the result of
• A. differences in salinity and wind.
• B. differences in temperature and salinity.
• C. uniform temperature and salinity.
• D. uniform salinity and wind.

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• Currents caused by differences in water density
  are most often the result of
• Answer
• B. differences in temperature and salinity.

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• Seasonal changes in water temperature tend to
  remain within a narrow range. This is opposed to
  air temperature, which tends to fluctuate across
  a wide range. The relative stability of ocean
  temperatures helps to regulate the temperatures
  of coastal regions. Why can water remain within a
  narrow range of temperatures?
• A. It has a high heat capacity.
• B. It is mobile and this allows heated water to
  sink.
• C. It reflects heat and does not absorb heat.
• D. It is only stable within a small temperature
  range.

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• Seasonal changes in water temperature tend to
  remain within a narrow range. This is opposed to
  air temperature, which tends to fluctuate across
  a wide range. The relative stability of ocean
  temperatures helps to regulate the temperatures
  of coastal regions. Why can water remain within a
  narrow range of temperatures?
• A. It has a high heat capacity.

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• Convection currents, resulting from uneven
  heating of the Earth's surface, cause _________
  to form.
• A. wind
• B. mountains
• C. volcanoes
• D. fossils

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• Convection currents, resulting from uneven
  heating of the Earth's surface, cause _________
  to form.
• A. wind

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• Ocean currents and global wind patterns, which
  are caused by convection currents, most strongly
  affect a region's...
• A. latitude.
• B. population size.
• C. day length.
• D. climate.

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• Ocean currents and global wind patterns, which
  are caused by convection currents, most strongly
  affect a region's...
• Answer
• D. climate.

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• Water is cooler near the poles and warmer near
  the equator. Movement of cooler and warmer water
  from these regions moderates the global climate.
• Which of the following describes the movement of
  water between the poles and the equator?
• A. tides
• B. ocean currents
• C. evaporation
• D. gravity

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• Water is cooler near the poles and warmer near
  the equator. Movement of cooler and warmer water
  from these regions moderates the global climate.
  Which of the following describes the movement of
  water between the poles and the equator?
• Answer
• B. ocean currents

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• Which property of oceans best explains why they
  have a major effect on climate?
• A. They contain large amounts of dissolved salt.
  
• B. They have a constant tidal movement.
• C. They absorb gases from the atmosphere.
• D. They hold a large amount of heat energy.

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• Which property of oceans best explains why they
  have a major effect on climate?
• Answer
• D. They hold a large amount of heat energy.

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• The circulation of water in the ocean due to
  differences in density between the different
  layers of water is mostly responsible for
• A.the ebb and flow of the tides.
• B.the eruption of underwater volcanoes.
• C.deep water ocean currents.
• D.all of these

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• The circulation of water in the ocean due to
  differences in density between the different
  layers of water is mostly responsible for
• Answer
• C.deep water ocean currents.

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• Convection currents, which affect weather and
  climate, are created by...
• A. slow, constant tectonic movement.
• B. erosion of ocean beaches.
• C. mining of the seafloor.
• D. the uneven heating of the Earth.

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• Convection currents, which affect weather and
  climate, are created by...
• Answer
• D. the uneven heating of the Earth.

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• How do warm water currents like the gulf current
  affect the climate of the British Isles?
• Has no effect
• The gulf current creates a warm climate in the
  British Isles
• The gulf current creates a cold climate In the
  British Isles

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• How do warm water currents like the gulf current
  affect the climate of the British Isles?
• Answer
• The gulf current creates a warm climate in the
  British Isles

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El Nino and La Nina