SLAB CLAY CONSTRUTION

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SLAB CLAY CONSTRUTION

• Architectural Bird Box Unit
• Ceramics 1

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VOCABULARY

• Drying
• Scoring
• Leather-hard
• Slab
• Plasticity
• Slip
• Relief
• Wedging
• Rib

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THE 3 BASICS OF DESIGN IN ARCHITECTURE

• Style
• Form
• Structure

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STYLES TIME PERIODS FOR AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE

• Architecture Between Wars c. 1920-1940
• Prairie Style
• Modernistic
• Craftsman
• Art Deco Style c. 1923-1940
• Post WWII Architecture c. 1945-1965
• Formalism
• International II
• Late Twentieth-Century 1965-present
• Late Modernism
• Post-Modernism

• Colonial Architecture 1600-1820
• Dutch Colonial
• French Colonial
• Spanish Colonial
• Georgian Colonial
• Romantic Architecture c.1820-1880
• Greek Revival
• Gothic Revival
• Italianate
• Exotic Revival
• Octagon
• Victorian Architecture c. 1870-1900
• Second Empire
• Stick
• Queen Anne
• Shingle
• Richardson Romanesque
• Folk Victorian
• Art Nouveau (1890-1914)

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COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE

• Stately, Symmetrical appearance being rectangular
  shape with two stories.
• Gables on the side and an entry door at the
  center.
• To conserve heat, a massive chimney ran through
  the center.
• An orderly arrangement of windows around a
  central front door.
• Double-hung windows usually have many small,
  equally sized square panes or candles separated
  with mutton-bars.

GEORGIAN COLONIAL
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ROMANTIC ARCHITECTURE

• Elaborate wooden millwork after the Industrial
  Revolution fueled the construction.
• "Gothic" windows with distinctive pointed arches
• Exposed framing timbers
• Steep, vaulted roofs with cross-gables.
• Extravagant features may include towers and
  verandas.
• Ornate wooden detailing is generously applied as
  gable, window, and door trim.

GOTHIC REVIVAL
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VICTORIAN ARCHITECTURE

• Use of mass-produced ornamentation such as
  brackets, spindles, and patterned shingles.
• The last true Victorians were constructed in the
  early 1900s.
• These homes combine modern materials with 19th
  century details, such as curved towers and
  spindled porches.
• Elaborate exterior trim (gingerbread) and
  carved oak moldings.
• New machines made it possible to mass-produce
  ornamental features such as moldings, columns,
  and brackets. The expansion of the railroad meant
  that building parts could be sent to far corners
  of the country so people in remote rural areas
  could build fancier homes.

VICTORIAN
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ART NOUVEAU a world-wide movement

• Dynamic, undulating, and flowing, with curved
  'whiplash' lines which characterized much of Art
  Nouveau movement.
• Conventional moldings seem to spring to life and
  'grow' into plant-derived forms.

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GRAND PALAIS INTERIEUR PARIS FRANCE
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EARLY 20TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE (contemporary)

• Exposed functional building elements, such as
  ground-to-ceiling plate glass windows, and smooth
  facades.
• The style was molded from modern
  materials--concrete, glass, and steel.
• Characterized by an absence of decoration.
• Interior and exterior walls merely act as design
  and layout elements, and often feature dramatic,
  but nonsupporting projecting beams and columns

INTERNATIONAL
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ARCHITECTURE BETWEEN WARS

• Boxy and symmetrical or low-slung and
  asymmetrical.
• Roofs are low-pitched, with wide eaves.
• Brick and clapboard are the most common building
  materials
• Rows of casement windows
• One-story porches with massive square supports.
• Stylized floral and circular geometric
  terra-cotta or masonry ornamentation around
  doors, windows, and cornices.

PRAIRIE STYLE
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ART DECO STYLE

• Echoed the Machine Age
• Geometric decorative elements a vertically
  oriented design.
• This distinctly urban style was never widely used
  in residential buildings
• Towers and other projections above the roofline
  enhance the vertical emphasis of this style.
• Flat roofs, metal window casements, and smooth
  stucco walls with rectangular cut-outs mark the
  exteriors of Art Deco homes.
• Facades are typically flush with zigzags and
  other stylized floral, geometric, and "sunrise"
  motifs.
• By 1940 the Art Deco style had evolved into "Art
  Moderne," which features curved corners,
  rectangular glass-block windows, and a boat-like
  appearance.

ART DECO
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POST WWII ARCHITECTURE

• Two versions the flat-roof and gabled types. The
  latter is often characterized by exposed beams.
• Both types tend to be one-story tall and were
  designed to incorporate the surrounding landscape
  into their overall look.

CONTEMPORARY
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LATE 20TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE

• The walls of the building create planes,
  which enclose the building.
• The walls tend to be very smooth with little
  interruption including windows that are level
  with the walls themselves.
• These smooth-surfaced buildings define a volume
  enclosed by the building.
• Symmetry is rejected in favor of regularity.
  Under these principals, the facade of buildings
  were designed with windows and doors spaced at
  regular intervals.

SPLIT LEVEL
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PROCEDURE

• Plan
• Draw a blueprint (top, sides, bottom) using
  theme that was inspired by the architectural
  styles you were exposed to.
• Make a paper pattern to use as a template to
  place on rolled slabs.
• Cut out slabs to use for walls and roof sections
  for the bird house.
• Allow slabs to become leather-hard before
  assembling them together.
• While slabs are becoming more firm, begin
  creating the decorations for the houses.
  (columns, dormers, portches,etc.)
• Once all pieces are ready, put the house
  together, make sure to sufficiently score and
  slip each and every piece.
• Allow the houses to dry slowly
• Fire houses and then paint and spray with acrylic
  clear sealant.

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THINGS TO THINK ABOUT

• 1. What type of bird are you making this for?
  Do you need to do some research for this
  assignment?
• 2. Birds are attracted to boxes that have a
  particular size opening. (use chart Being the
  Best Nest Box Landlord for Songbirds in the
  West)
• 3. Is this going to be a decoration or a
  functional box?
• 4. What impact will the architectural style(s)
  have on your planning and the construction of
  sculptural work?
• 5. Some birds need to have a clean box each
  spring in order for them to build a nest in them.
  So, you will need to have a way to clean out the
  box.
• 6. How will you bird box be mounted or hung?
  What steps do you need to do ahead of time to
  make it work once it is completed?