Eating and Nutrition

1

• Eating and Nutrition
• or
• Does Eating Salmon
• Lower the Murder Rate??

2
Nutrition get to know you

• Write down
• your favorite food(s) and why
• a story about a food or special recipe that is
  unique to your familys special celebrations
• a food that is supposedly healthy, but that you
  dont like (or dont think you would like)

3
Does Eating Salmon Lower the Murder Rate??
In 2001, Dr. Joseph Hibbeln published a study,
provocatively titled "Seafood Consumption and
Homicide Mortality," that found a correlation
between a higher intake of omega-3 fatty acids
(most often obtained from fish) and lower murder
rates.
4
Food and Wellness (Psychological and Physical)

• What to eat (M. Nestle)
• Paleolithic diet vs. Atkins vs. Zone
• In defense of food (M. Pollan)
• USDAs MY Pyramid vs. Healthy Eating Pyramid
  (Harvard)
• Slow food, fast food, no food, ???

• WHATS A PERSON TO DO??!!!

5
Food and Wellness (Psychological and Physical)

• Nutrition and Wellness
• Eating to feel well (as opposed to simply getting
  calories) -- mens sana in corpore sano
• Eating for psychological and physiological
  wellness
• Eating for disease prevention

6
Reality (Sept 10 report)

• Americans Are Flunking Easy Goals For Healthier
  Eating

The public health plan hatched a decade ago was
to get three-quarters of Americans older than 2
to chow down on at least two servings of fruit a
day and half of Americans to eat three or more
servings of vegetables. The results for 2009
show that only 32.5 percent of adults are hitting
the mark for fruit and barely more than a quarter
26.3 percent are getting the job done on
vegetables.
7
Keeping track

• livestrong.com

8
How we eat
Mindfully? (raisin exercise)
9
How we eat
Learning nutrition in schools? (Jamie Olivers
Food Revolution) Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution
Episode 1 Part 1 http//www.youtube.com/watch?vt7
eaHytpJWQ Michael Pollans Unhappy Meals
discussion
10
What we eat

• Macronutrients
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins
• Micronutrients
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Phytochemicals

11
What we eat

• Macronutrients
• Carbohydrates

12
What we eat

• Macronutrients
• Fats

13
What we eat

• Macronutrients
• Fats (Fatty Acids)
• Saturated (SFAs) limit these
• Monounsaturated (MUFAs) better choice
• Polyunsaturated (PUFAs) consider the Omega-3
  / Omega-6 balance
• Trans-fat (avoid) (hydrogenated)

14
What we eat

• Macronutrients
• Proteins

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What we eat (Micronutrients)

• Vitamins
• 13 known vitamins, classified as either
  fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B and
  C)
• C E are antioxidants
• Minerals
• Inorganic elements (e.g., calcium -- for muscle
  contractions, nerve transmission)
• Phytochemicals
• Bioactive chemicals found in plants (e.g.,
  sterols, flavonoids, beta-carotene) with
  potential health-promoting qualities (e.g.,
  anti-oxidant activity)

16
What we eat
(including mental health and behavior) FAB
research
17
What we eat (the dark side)
People dig their graves with their own teeth
and die more by those fatal instruments than the
weapons of their enemies. -- Thomas Moffett,
1600
18
Relationship between diet and heart disease

• risk for heart disease is linked to diets high in
  saturated fats, found mostly in animal and
  processed foods
• dietary cholesterol is found only in animal foods
• plant foods contain antioxidants these protect
  against atherosclerosis

19
Relationship between diet and cancer

• The American Cancer Society Dietary Guidelines
  Limit consumption of meats and shift the balance
  toward a more plant-based diet
• Protective factors in a plant-based diet fiber,
  polyphenol antioxidants, anti-inflammatory
  compounds
• What to eat??
• Choose a colorful diet ?
• Whole foods, not supplements

20
Relationship between fad diets and disease

• Recent study (Sept 2010) analyzed data from
• 85,000 healthy women aged 34 to 59
• 45,000 men aged 40 to 75
• Participants filled out questionnaires every four
  years.
• Low-carb dieters (e.g., Atkins diet) who got most
  of their protein and fat from animal sources like
  red and processed meats were 14 percent more
  likely to die of heart disease and 28 percent
  more likely to die of cancer
• Sept. 7, 2010 in Annals of Internal Medicine

21
Diet and kidney stones

• n3,426 (tracked diet over many years)
• Higher intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts and
  legumes, low-fat dairy and whole grains," Taylor
  says. "And low intake of sweetened beverages and
  red and processed meats (Dietary Approaches to
  Stop Hypertension, or DASH, diet) -- people who
  adhered most to this pattern of eating were
  significantly less likely to develop kidney
  stones.
• "We found a decrease in risk in the order of
  around 40 or 45 percent," says Taylor. "We were
  very excited by it."

Clinical Journal of the American Society of
Nephrology , 2010
22
Herbal Nutrition

• phytomedicines and ethnobotany
• folk medicine products
• medicinal plants

23
Herbal Therapy

• Herbal medicine
• feverfew migraines
• ginkgo circulatory disorders
• garlic hypercholesterolemia
• hypericum depressive disorders
• peppermint gastric distress
• ginger nausea
• echinacea immune system stimulant
• saw palmetto benign prostatic hypertrophy
• ginseng variety of conditions
• capsaicin arthritis

24
Dementia

• Objective efficacy of EGb 761 (Ginkgo
  biloba)
• Design randomized, double blind
• Patients 202 mild-severe multi-infarct or
• Alzheimer dementia
  outpatients
• Intervention 40 mg tid EGb x 52 weeks
• Results
• improved cognitive score 0.005
• improved caregiver geriatric rating 0.003
• Le Bars et al JAMA 1997 2781327-32

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Hyperemesis gravidarum

• Objective efficacy of ginger
• Design randomized, double blind,
  crossover
• Patients 27 women in the first trimester
• Intervention powdered ginger root 250 mg qid
• Results
• decreased nausea 0.035
• decreased number of emesis 0.035
• Fisher-Rasmussen Eur J Ob Gyn Reprod Biol
  19903819