Plumbing

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Plumbing

• Town of Markham
• Derek Hanlon

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Why Plumbing?

• History of Plumbing
• The term plumber, originates from the Latin term
  plumbus (worker of lead)
• First signs of plumbing date back to 250 BC
• Water was delivered from the mountains via
  aqueducts
• Toilets were usually holes in the floor, (privy)
  flowing water took waste away
• Ancient baths were considered healing pools (a
  place to cleanse your body of grime and bacteria)

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The Fall of Ancient Rome

• 450 AD seen fall of Roman Empire
• The dark ages came, the world went into a
  regressed time
• No government
• No science
• No art
• Worst of all no plumbing!

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The Need for Change

• Throughout the Middle Ages, as many people were
  struck down by typhoid, dysentery and cholera
  than were killed in all wars up to that time
• 1348, Black Plague entered England, wiped out
  one-third of the population
• Major rivers became open sewers
• People used chamber pots, when full, dumped the
  sewage out the window
• Sewage stench, waste and effluent flowing in open
  ditches on the streets
• Realizing that human waste was a major
  contributor to deadly diseases, some changes came
  to be
• Not till 1848, England passed the National
  Plumbing Health Age, mandating that every home
  have a flushing toilet or an ash pit in every
  home.

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Evolution of Plumbing

• ash privey

For the Working Man and Woman, finally a bit of
privacy.
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Antique Toilet Water supply and lead trap
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Old SayingPlumbers protect the Health of the
Nation

• Actually, inspectors of plumbing protect the
  health of the nation

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End of Part One

• Another old saying
• Its all downhill from here on

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Safe, Operating, Plumbing Systems

• design
• materials
• installation

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Complete System

• Sewer and drains
• Water service
• Distribution piping
• Waste and vent
• Installation of fixtures
• Inspection and testing

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Waste Vents

• The waste pipe carries the waste to the building
  drain.
• For waste to flow, venting is introduced into the
  plumbing system so that the waste is not
  subjected to any air resistance, positive or
  negative pressure.
• Due to the cohesive qualities of water, air is
  introduced to the pipe in order to break the flow
  of fluid and siphoning the trap.

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Waste and Vents

• Ontario Building Code Part 7
• 7.4. Drainage Systems
• connections to sanitary systems
• location of fixtures
• traps, cleanouts
• sizing of drainage piping
• minimum slope on drainage pipe and fixture drains
  ( 7.4.8.1.)

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Waste and Vents

• 7.5. Venting Systems
• venting for traps
• all traps require a vent, except as stated in
  7.5.1.1. (2) (3)

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Vent Locations

• location of vent pipes
• minimum and maximum distance of vent pipe from
  trap weir
• total allowable fall from p-trap to vent
  connection
• cumulative change of direction restrictions
• no waste pipe is connected to the fixture drain
  between the trap and its protecting vent (except
  for wet vented applications7.5.7.1.)

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Branch Venting
Vent stack
Double TY
Wet vent
Stack vent
Branch vents
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Venting
Branch Vent Sizing
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Minimum Size of Vent Pipes
As an inspector, what do you think happened here?
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Wet Venting

• What is Wet Venting ?
• Wet venting is a form of group venting in which
  part of a fixtures vent pipe receives the waste
  from another fixture. A wet vent pipe therefore
  performs a dual role, serving both as a waste
  pipe and a vent pipe.
• all fixtures are on the same level
• maximum number of fixtures in the wet vented
  group is three
• at least one of the wet venting fixtures is
  drained through a vertical continuous waste and
  vent and
• wet vent is connected to the horizontal waste
  pipe downstream from the weir of the P-trap at
  least 450mm and not more than 1500mm, except when
  the wet vented fixture is a water closet or other
  fixture with a siphonic trap

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Wet Venting 7.5.7.1.(1)
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Wet Venting7.5.7.1. (1)
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Examples of Wet Venting

• Bathtub wet vented through basin

Vent located a minimum of 450 mm and maximum 1500
mm from the bottom of the fixture outlet pipe
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Sizing of Vent Pipesand Wet Vents
7.5.7.1.(1)
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Water closet, wet vented through a bathtub Slide
1
3x2 Y
2 wet vent
Water closet
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Water closet wet vented by bathtub Slide 2
2 x 1 ½ x 1 ½ TY Continuous waste and vent
2 wet vent
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Sizing of Vent Pipesand Wet Vents
7.5.7.1.(1)
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Stack Venting andModified Stack Venting

• It is common to find installed in plumbing
  systems stack venting and modified stack venting
  ( 7.5.2.1.)
• Why?
• uses the stack for waste discharge and venting
• saves labour and material

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Stack Venting 7.5.2.1.

• Maximum number of fixtures allowed above
  (upstream) water closet is 4 (7.5.2.1. (1) (a)
• Maximum number of fixture units above water
  closet is 8
• Not greater than two stack vented water closets
• (must be connected at the same level)
• Uppermost fixture must discharge to the vertical
  portion of the stack 7.5.2.1. (1) (e) and (f)

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Stack Venting 7.5.2.1.

• Maximum of 4 fixtures
  
  discharging above water closet
• Water closet discharges last
• All fixtures must be within 1500 mm from soil
  stack

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Stack Vented Group
Water closet discharging last
Stack vent
Stack vented bathtub
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Double TY
Is this permitted ?
Answer Refer to table 7.2.4.5.
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Stack Venting
Discharge to vertical portion of stack
Water closet discharges last
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Modified Stack Venting 7.5.2.1.
Same rules apply as in stack venting, except that
the vent is sized by total fixture load and
is not required to be the size of the soil stack.
Soil stack
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Modified Stack Venting
1 ½ inch
3 inch
Modified stack vent
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Thanks For Attending

• May you be flushed with success.

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Credits

• Photography Derek Hanlon
• Editing Tony Boyko
• Technical Support Piero Cannistra
• Sound Bojangles Sound Studios, Keswick