The rendering technologies of the CryENGINE 2

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The rendering technologies of the CryENGINE 2

• Martin Mittring
• Lead Graphics Programmer

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Overview

• Objects types
• Animation System
• Shaders
• Direct Lighting and Indirect Lighting
• Post Processing
• Tools that assist the rendering

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Objects types

• Static Mesh
• Heightmap Terrain
• Voxel Terrain
• Particles, Water
• Decals, Roads
• Atmospherics (Fog, Clouds)
• Skinned Character

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Nature

• Clouds, Volumetric Fog
• Dynamic Time-of-Day
• Material layers
• Breakable Vegetation

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Clouds

• 1 Painted Skybox
• 2 Imposter Clouds
• 3 Distant Clouds
• 4 Volume Objects

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Character Animation

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Procedural Motion Warping

• Look-IK
• Aim-IK
• Foot-IK
• Hit-reactions
• Recoil
• and many more

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Nature
Shading

• Clouds, Volumetric Fog
• Dynamic Time-of-Day
• Material layers
• Breakable Vegetation

• Metal/Cloth/Hair/Eyes/etc
• Isotropic/Anisotropic
• Subsurface Scattering
• POM/Detail bump, etc

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Sun with 2 point lights
Shadow mask (RGBA)
Shadows

• Shadow maps
• Efficient, fully dynamic
• Deferred shadow mask
• Unwrapped CM, CSM

Object SH
Object SH Terrain VSM
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SSAO
without SSAO
Occlusion Factor

• High quality
• Production time saver
• Saves memory
• Fully dynamic

with SSAO
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LDR / HDR

• HDRDynamic value to tweak HDR
• Eye adaptation
• High quality bloom
• Tone mapper (pow() per channel)

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Post Processing
HDR Motion Blur
Sun-Shafts

• Cinematic quality
• Camera interaction effects
• Several Photoshop filters

HDR Depth of field
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Photobump
Polybump 2.x
Tools / Editor

• Integrated Plugins, Sandbox
• Resource Compiler
• WYSIWYP, Hot reload

Sandbox Editor
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Extra Slides ...
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Occlusion

• No static PVS
• Hierarchical culling
• Portals, Occluder, CBuffer, Heightmap
• Used for player view and lights
• Animate only if visible (Particles, Characters)

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Screen Space Ambient Occlusion

• 3D sample distribution scaled with distance
• Samples tested against the depth buffer,far
  samples with less influence
• AO is a function of the number of exposed samples
• Per pixel rotation with 4x4 texture
  (reflect),Smart blurring (depth buffer)
• Fully dynamic, view dependency rarely
  visible,texture cache trashing
• Results depend on asset tessellation and tweaking

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Particle System

• Multithreaded
• Sprite and Geometry particles
• Soft Particles
• Particles can cast/receive shadow, self shadow
  and affected by lights
• Spline control for most parameters
• Multiple embedded emitters
• Physical forces affecting particles

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Shaders and shading (1/3)

• Shader combinations problem
• dynamic branching / separating into multiple
  passes / reducing combinations and accepting less
  functionality and less performance
• Asynchronous shader compiling
• Distributed Job System to compile the shader
  cache
• 3DcTM for normal maps
• reconstruct z in pixel shader, TIF to DDS
• DXT5 fallback, BC5 for Direct3D10

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Shaders and shading (2/3)

• Per pixel scene depth
• Early z pass (more draw calls)
• Format R16,R16G16, R32 or native
• WS position with offset in 1 instruction
• Use Shadow Mask, Global Fog, Volumetric Fog,
  Soft Z Buffered Particles, DOF, Motion Blur,
  Beach/ Ocean, EdgeAA, Sun Rays

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Shaders and shading (3/3)

• World Space vs. Tangent Space Shading
• better shading quality
• less interpolators (Pos, Tangent, Binormal,
  Orientation)with multiple lights
• unified shader (like Cubemap reflection)
• per scene constants instead of per object
  constants
• longer pixel shader
• Less appropriate for low spec

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Multi GPU

• SLI (NVIDIA), Crossfire (ATI)
• MultiGPU detection code
• AFR (Alternate Frame Rendering) for maximum
  performance
• Special texture update logic forcached
  textures, Texture atlas, Occlusion Query
• Driver profile detected by application name
• 2 or more cards?

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FSAA

• Multi sampling
• Alpha test
• A2C (Alpha To Coverage)
• Super sampled alpha test
• Problem with deferred Techniques
• Screen depth texture
• DX10.1 offers better z buffer access

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Water Rendering
Ocean
Rivers

• Foam, Beach, Soft Z
• Reflection, RGB Refraction
• God rays, Caustics
• FFT, Physics interaction

Underwater