Smallpox Vaccine

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Smallpox Vaccine

• General Information

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Dryvax Smallpox Vaccine

• A live virus vaccine, as are the
  measles/mumps/rubella and chicken pox vaccines
  used in the US today
• Prepared from calf lymph containing live vaccinia
  virus
• Contains polymyxin B, streptomycin, tetracycline
  and neomycin
• Diluent is 50 percent glycerin and phenol as a
  preservative

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New Smallpox Vaccines

• Live vaccinia virus produced using cell culture
  technology
• Distributed as a freeze dried powder
• Do not contain antibiotics
• Diluent contains glycerin and phenol
• Should be available by 2004
• Side effect profile will be similar

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Smallpox Vaccine

• Given with bifurcated (two-pronged) needle that
  is dipped in vaccine and then used to poke the
  skin about 15 times in a few seconds
• Live vaccinia virus is thus administered into the
  superficial layers of the skin, grows, and
  produces an immune response
• Protection develops 8-14 days after vaccination
  (faster if the person has been vaccinated before)
• 91-95 are protected after first dose
• Good long-term (gt10 years) immunity after
  immunization. However, since routine vaccination
  stopped approximately 30 years ago, no one is
  currently considered immune

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SMALLPOX VACCINE

• Vaccine contains live vaccinia virus which is
  administered into the superficial layers of the
  skin
• A successful vaccination produces a lesion on the
  skin that contains vaccine virus for up to 3
  weeks.
• Vaccinia virus can be transmitted to household
  and other close contacts
• Candidates for vaccination must be screened for
  contraindications
• Certain medical conditions in the persons
  household contacts must also be considered as
  contraindications for vaccination

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Smallpox Vaccine

• Can be used to prevent smallpox in people who
  have been exposed
• Vaccination within 3 days of exposure will
  completely prevent or significantly modify
  smallpox in the vast majority of persons
• Vaccination within 4-7 days of exposure will also
  likely offer some protection from disease or
  modify the severity of disease

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Smallpox Vaccine

• For information on contraindications to the
  vaccine, see Medical Screening and Counseling
  under the Medical Job Function section.