Carbon variation

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Clark and Fritz, 1997.
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Cerling and Quade, 1993. Stable carbon and oxygen
isotopes in soil carbonates
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Soil CO2 d13C ( PDB).
Continental organic matter CO2 d13C ( PDB).
From Deines 1980. The isotopic composition of
reduced organic carbon. Fritz and Fontes,
Handbook Of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry.
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Carbonate solution chemistry

• CaCO3 H2O CO2 ?? Ca2 2HCO3-

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Faure and Mensing
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Anthropogenic CO2
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Biological Carbon Pump
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Bradley, 1999. Paleoclimatology
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Bradley, 1999. Paleoclimatology
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Diagenesis
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Diagenesis
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Dorale et al. 1998. Science, Vol 282, Issue 5395,
1871-1874
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Cerling and Quade, 1993. Stable carbon and oxygen
isotopes in soil carbonates
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From Koch, P.L., 1998. Ann. Rev. Earth Plan.
Sci., 26 573-613
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From Koch, P.L., 1998. Ann. Rev. Earth Plan.
Sci., 26 573-613
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From Koch, P.L., 1998. Ann. Rev. Earth Plan.
Sci., 26 573-613
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Evolution of horses and C4 vegetation