THE ANKLE JOINT

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THE ANKLE JOINT

• The ankle joint is designed for weight bearing.
• It has great strength and stability due to the
  bone structure.
• It is a three-sided box-like joint.

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ANKLE BONE ANATOMY

• TIBIA

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FIBULA
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CALCANEUS
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TIBIA

• The tibia commonly called the shin bone.
• The proximal end of the tibia is part of the knee
  joint.
• The distal end of the tibia sticks out under the
  skin and forms the medial malleolus.
• LABEL AND COLOR THE TIBIA AND THE MEDIAL
  MALLEOLUS ON YOUR WORKSHEET.

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FIBULA

• The fibula is located on the outside of the lower
  leg.
• The fibula is a non-weight bearing bone.
• The distal end of the fibula is visible under the
  skin and is called the lateral malleolus.
• LABEL AND COLOR THE FIBULA ON YOUR WORKSHEET

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ANKLE BONE ANATOMY

• LATERAL MALLEOLUS

MEDIAL MALLEOLUS
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CALCANEUS

• A common name for the calcaneus is the heel.
• The calcaneus is an attachment place for many
  important lower leg muscles.
• While running or walking, about half of the total
  weight of the body is supported by this bone.

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TALUS

• The talus is a wedge-shaped bone located in
  between the tibia, fibula and calcaneus.
• It is the fulcrum point from which the ankle
  joint is able to move.

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TALAR JOINT

• No muscles attach to the talus only ligaments
  and cartilage.

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THE 4 BONES OF THE ANKLE JOINT
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ANKLE MOTION

• The ankle joint is a type of hinge joint.
• Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion occur between the
  tibia and the talus.

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ANKLE MOTION

• Inversion and eversion happens between the talus
  and the calcaneus.

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ANKLE MOTIONPlantarflexion

• Pointing the foot
• Raising up on the toes.
• Heel raises
• Ankle Extension

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ANKLE MOTIONDorsiflexion

• Pulling toes back.
• Lifting toes up.
• Stand on your heels.
• Ankle Flexion

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ANKLE MOTIONInversion

• Turning toes in.
• Rolling foot under.
• Walk on the outside of your feet.
• Bow-legged

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ANKLE MOTIONEversion

• Toes out.
• Rolling foot out.
• Walk on the inside of your feet.

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Which Motion Is This?
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ANKLE LIGAMENTS

• Ligaments run from bone to bone.
• Hold bones together.
• Do not move joint!
• Some are like cords. Some are thin and wide.

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MEDIAL ANKLE LIGAMENTS

• Deltoid Ligament Complex

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ANKLE LIGAMENTS MEDIAL

• Deltoid Ligament Complex
• 4 ligaments
• Broad
• Flat
• Overlapping
• STRONG!

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ANKLE LIGAMENTS - LATERAL

• Lateral Collateral Ligaments
• ATF
• Anterior
• From Talus to Fibula
• Weakest of 3 ligaments
• PTF
• Posterior
• From Talus to Fibula
• Strongest/Deepest of 3 ligaments
• CF
• Anterior
• From Calcaneus to Fibula
• Largest Strong and Cord-like

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ANKLE MUSCLES LATERAL SIDE

• PERONEAL GROUP
• 3 muscles (peroneus brevis/longus/tertius)
• Muscle group starts _at_ top of Fibula
• Peroneal tendon hooks around the back of Lateral
  Malleolus
• Insertion of Peroneal Tendon is at the base of
  the 5th foot bone
• Major Motion
• Eversion of the Foot _at_ the Ankle

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ANKLE MUSCLES POSTERIOR

• GASTROCNEMIUS
• Muscle starts on distal femur
• 1 muscle with two points of origin
• Achilles Tendon is other attachment
• Crosses two joints
• Major Motion
• Plantarflexion _at_ the Ankle

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ANKLE MUSCLES ANTERIOR SIDE

• TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
• Muscle starts _at_ top of Tibia
• Tendon crosses over Ankle Joint _at_ Talus
• Attaches at the base of the 1st foot bone
• Cross over at joint allows for multiple motions
• Major Motion
• Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint
• Inversion of the foot
• Prevents the forefoot slapping AND scrapping the
  ground