Ablative%20Absolute

1
Ablative Absolute

• A noun (or pronoun) in the ablative
• A perfect passive participle (ppp) or present
  active participle (pap) in the ablative
• The noun in the ablative absolute is NOT referred
  to in the main sentence

2

• Literally translates
• With noun having been verbed (ppp)
• With noun verbing (pap)
• In smooth English
• When, since, although noun had been verbed

3
Passive Periphrastic

• The Future Passive Participle aka Gerundive a
  form of sum
• The participle part of the verb has to agree with
  the subject in case, , and gender
• Expresses necessity, obligation
• The person who has to do it is put in the dative
  case (the dative of agent)

4

• Translates as
• Subject must be verbed by dative of agent.
• With est- should be verbed
• With erit- will have to be verbed
• With erat- had to be verbed

5
Nunc id est bibendum.

• Passive Periphrastic noun must be verbed
• Noun- id
• Verb- bibo to drink

6
Carthago delenda est.

• Passive Periphrastic Subject must be verbed.
• Subject- Carthage
• Verb- deleo to destroy

7
Asia victa, dux servos in Italia misit.

• Ablative absolute with noun having been verbed
• Noun- Asia
• Verb- vinco to conquer
• Rest of sentence

8
Omnibus ferro militis perterritis

• Ablative absolute with noun having been verbed
• Noun omnibus militis or ferro? And what to do
  with second noun
• Verb- perterreo to really frighten

9
Quidquid dicendum est

• Passive periphrastic Subject must be verbed
• Subject- quidquid
• Verb- dico to say, speak