Friction Factors, Pumping and You

1
Friction Factors, Pumping and You

• Understanding how friction affects your bottom
  line

2
Introduction

• Sizing a pump properly saves money!
• Must overcome friction
• Watch out for cavitation!

3
Presentation Overview

• Understanding Friction Factors
• Fluid Flow Mechanics
• Trends in Friction Factors
• Experimental Procedure
• Results
• Conclusions

4
Understanding Friction Factors

• What are friction factors?
• Energy Balance
• What goes in must come out (sort of)
• Bernoullis Equation

Work In or Out
Elevation Change
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?
?
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Pressure Change
Velocity Change
Friction Losses
5
Understanding Friction Factors

• Okay, but what is F?

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Friction Factor
Egads, weve found one!
6
Trends in Friction Factors

• What effects a friction factor?
• Properties of the pipe, i.e. roughness
• Fluid properties and mechanics
• Laminar vs. Turbulent Flow

7
Trends in Friction Factors

• Reynolds Numbers
• Accounts for velocity, geometry, density and
  viscosity, and how!
• Relt2000, Laminar Flow
• 2000ltRelt4000, Transition
• 4000ltRe, Turbulent Flow

8
Trends in Friction Factors

• Moody Diagrams
• Based on experimental work
• Gives Darcy friction factors by Reynolds number
  and pipe roughness
• Resulting Equations for Fanning friction factors
• Laminar Conditions
• Turbulent Conditions

9
Trends in Friction Factors
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Trends in Friction Factors

• 2 Methods to determine f
• Trust the Moody Diagram
• Physical Experimentation
• Measure pressure drop over horizontal pipe

11
Experimental Procedure

• Two pipes selected with differing roughness
• A 2wt solution of NaCl was run through pipes at
  various flowrates
• Pressure drop was measured across 10ft. sections
  of pipe.

12
Results
13
Conclusions and Recommendations

• Overall trend of Moody diagram is very accurate
• Moody diagram gives a good estimate for friction
  factors
• Additional tests should be performed using longer
  pipes
• Minimal friction is money saved

14
Review

• Understanding Friction Factors
• Fluid Flow Mechanics
• Trends in Friction Factors
• Experimental Procedure
• Results
• Conclusions

15
Gratitude

• Thanks to lab partners
• Mike Mellas
• Allyson Lundberg
• Fluid mechanics theory and equations
• Dr. Eric Eddings
• de Nevers, Noel. Fluid Mehanics for Chemical
  Engineers (Third Edition). New York
  McGraw-Hill, 2005.

16
QA Time!

• Questions?