ASIAN REGIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMME IN ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE PHASE II

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• ASIAN REGIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMME IN ENERGY,
  ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE (PHASE II)
• SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRIES (SMIs) IN ASIA
  ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE INTERRELATIONS
• Fuels and Energy Division
• Industrial Technology Development Institute

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PHILIPPINE WORKING GROUP ON ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
INTERRELATIONS IN SMIs
NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (NRI)
ITDI DOST
EUMB DOE
EMB DENR
BSMBD DTI
DAP
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MOU SIGNING BETWEENPROJECT PARTNERS
BSMBDDTI
DAP
EMB DENR
EPMDDOE
I TDI DOST
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MAJOR ISSUE TO BE ADDRESSED

• Energy-environment interrelations in the context
  of pollution prevention and mitigation of
  greenhouse gas emissions from the selected
  industries

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE PROJECT

• INVENTORY OF ENERGY USE AND POLLUTION LOAD

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PROJECT MOBILIZATION WORKSHOP July 12, 1999
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PROJECT MOBILIZATION WORKSHOP

• Project Overview
• SMEs in the Philippines
• Energy Efficiency Programs and Policies for SMEs
• Environmental Programs and Policies
• Overview of the Desiccated Coconut Industry
• Overview of the Ceramics Industry
• A Report on Foundry in the Philippines
• Financing Schemes for the SMEs

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SELECTED SMIsFOR STUDY

• Desiccated Coconut Industry
• Ceramics Industry
• Foundries

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CERAMICS INDUSTRY
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ENERGY FLOWDecorative Ceramics
FEIANCE MATERIALS
BALL MILLING
FILTER PRESS
RAM PRESS
PUG MILL
H2O
BISQUE FIRING
DECORATION
COLOR
SPONGING
GLAZE
GLOST FIRING
DÉCOR FIRING
PACKING
FINISHED PRODUCT
ELECTRICITY
LPG
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ENERGY FLOWTerra Cotta
H2O
RAW CLAY
CRUSHING
MILLING
AGING
KNEADING
FORMING
AIR DRYING
DESIGNING
PAINT
THERMIC DRYING
HAND PAINTING
FIRING
FINISHED PRODUCT
RE-CONDITIONING
LPG
ELECTRICITY
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DC - Decorative Ceramics
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DC - Decorative Ceramics
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EFFLUENT EMISSIONS FLOW Decorative Ceramics
FEIANCE MATERIALS
BALL MILLING
FILTER PRESS
RAM PRESS
PUG MILL
H2O
Dust
Wastewater
Wastewater
BISQUE FIRING
DECORATION
COLOR
SPONGING
Wastewater
GLAZE
Solid rejects
Gas emissions
Rejects
Rejects
GLOST FIRING
DÉCOR FIRING
PACKING
Gas emissions
Gas emissions
FINISHED PRODUCT
Rejects
Rejects
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EFFLUENT EMISSIONS FLOW Terra Cotta
H2O
RAW CLAY
CRUSHING
MILLING
AGING
KNEADING
Wastewater
Wastewater
Dust
FORMING
AIR DRYING
DESIGNING
PAINT
THERMIC DRYING
HAND PAINTING
FIRING
Gas Emissions
Gas Emissions
FINISHED PRODUCT
RE-CONDITIONING
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GHG EMISSIONS FOR THE CERAMICS INDUSTRY

• Source of emissions flue gas from ceramic kilns
• LPG 47.31 TJ per 1000 tonnes 17.2 tons carbon
  per TJ

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DC - Decorative Ceramics
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METALCASTING INDUSTRY
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GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF FOUNDRIES (1995)
Source MIRDC
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CASTING PROCESS
MELTING
PATTERN MAKING
POURING
MOLDING
CASTING CLEANING
HEAT TREATING
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ENERGY USAGE IN THE PHILIPPINES

• Major Fuel Used
• Foundry Coke
• Electricity
• LPG
• Diesel

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FOUNDRY COKE
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ELECTRICITY
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DIESEL
Diesel is primarily used for melting and heat
treatment
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LPG
LPG is primarily used for mold closing and metal
cutting
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GHG EMISSIONS FOR THE METALCASTING INDUSTRY

• Source of emissions flue gas from furnace
• Coke 40.19 TJ per 1000 tonnes 29.5 tons carbon
  per TJ

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DESICCATED COCONUT INDUSTRY
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DC SECTOR (Philippines and Sri Lanka)
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ENERGY ISSUES OF THE DC SECTOR

• Sources of energy
• Electricity (90 GWh/year)
• Bunker (12,000 tons/year)
• Coconut shell (18,000 tons/year)
• Thermal energy - used to produce hot water, air
  or steam required for pasteurization, drying and
  sterilization
• Electrical energy - electric motors

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THERMAL ENERGY USE
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY USE
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RESEARCH FINDINGS

• Lack of awareness and technical expertise on
  energy efficient and environmentally sound
  technologies
• No records on actual energy usage and amount of
  wastes generated secondary data can not be
  obtained from government offices
• Reluctance of SMIs in giving out data

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE PROJECT

• IDENTIFICATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT AND
  ENVIRONMANTALLY SOUND TECHNOLOGIES

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CERAMICS INDUSTRY
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ENERGY EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
TECHNOLOGIES OPTIONS FOR THE CERAMICS INDUSTRY

• Simple Housekeeping Measures
• Application of Energy Efficient Technologies

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SIMPLE HOUSEKEEPING MEASURESOptimize Firing
Schedules

• This would maximize the amount of products to be
  loaded and fired
• The kiln must be properly monitored to avoid
  excessive use of LPG
• This could lead to an energy saving of about 2-3

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SIMPLE HOUSEKEEPING MEASURESCombustion Control

• This means controlling the excessive use of
  natural draft air in kiln firing
• In some ceramic kilns, the absence of
  instrumentation or metering devices makes it
  difficult to monitor the air-to-fuel ratio during
  combustion
• Must optimize O2 in the flue gas emissions

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APPLICATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES

• Installation of a waste heat recovery system
• Adoption of energy efficient kilns

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METALCASTING INDUSTRY
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IDENTIFIED E3ST OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOUNDRIES

• Use of lost foam casting
• Use of efficient continuous heat treatment
  furnace
• Use of rotating, gas fired oxy-fuel furnace in an
  iron foundry

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IDENTIFIED E3ST OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOUNDRIES

• Use of ladle lining
• Use of high efficiency motors
• Waste heat recovery

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RESEARCH PRIORITIES

• Development of a Waste Heat Recovery System for
  the Ceramics Industry
• Energy Efficiency Improvement Studies of Melting
  Furnaces in Metalcasting
• Energy Efficiency Improvement Studies of Ceramic
  Kilns
• Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Small
  and Medium Scale Industries

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE PROJECT

• CAPACITY BUILDING ON ENERGY EFFICIENT AND
  ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND TECHNOLOGIES

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TRAINING

• Energy and Environmental Audit Training Course,
  March 8-10, 2000, Development Academy of the
  Philippines, Tagaytay City
• Training Course on Effective Energy Management
  for the SMIs, October 10-12, 2001, ITDI Metrology
  Building, Bicutan, Taguig, M.M.

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Energy and Environmental Audit Training Course
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Breakdown of Trainees by Category
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Breakdown of Trainees by Sector
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SEMINAR-WORKSHOP

• Seminar-Workshop on Maximizing Energy Efficiency
  in the Metalcasting Industry, August 23, 2000,
  Philippine Metalcasting Center, Novaliches,
  Quezon City
• Seminar on Energy Efficient and Environmentally
  Sound Technologies for the Ceramics Industry,
  March 1, 2001, Dusit Hotel Nikko, Makati City

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SEMINAR-WORKSHOP

• Seminar on Energy Efficient and Environmentally
  Sound Technologies for the Metalcasting Industry,
  March 2, 2001, Philippine Metalcasting Center,
  Quezon City.
• Seminar on Policies for the Sustainable Promotion
  of E3STs to SMIs, August 9, 2001, Ima Restaurant,
  Pasig City

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Breakdown of Seminar Attendees by Category
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Breakdown of Seminar Attendees by Sector
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BENEFITS DERIVED FROM CAPACITY BUILDING

• SMIs and project partners became better equipped
  with energy management practices for boilers,
  kilns and furnaces, electric motors, pumps and
  compressors and lighting system
• Energy consumption were monitored and recorded.
  Specific energy consumption were also computed at
  plant or product level

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BENEFITS DERIVED FROM CAPACITY BUILDING

• SMIs became aware of the following
• Energy and environmentally sound technologies
  that they can adopt
• Energy efficiency program and environmental laws
  and regulations of the government
• Technical services ITDI is offering on energy
  efficiency

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE PROJECT

• SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES FOR THE PROMOTION OF E3ST

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WHY SMIs

• 99 of manufacturing establishments in the
  country are SMIs
• The sector accounted for
• - 51.6 labor force
• - 26 share in value added output
• - 28 share in total sales
• - 60 are exporters with annual shipments
  of about US 100,000

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CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS

• Generation of productive employment, particularly
  to the benefit of low income group and youth and
  women
• Promotion of a wide range of consumer and capital
  goods for the domestic markets
• Improvement of the balance of payments through
  reduction in imports and the expansion of exports

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AGENCIES INVOLVED IN PROMOTION OF E3STs IN SMIs

• Government
• Industrial Technology Development Institute of
  the Department of Science and Technology
  (ITDI-DOST)
• Bureau of Small and Medium Business Development
  of
• Department of Trade Industry (BSMBD- DTI)
• Energy Utilization Management Bureau of the
  Department of Energy (EUMB-DOE)
• Environmental Management Bureau of the Department
  of Environment and Natural Resources (EMB-DENR)
• Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP)

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AGENCIES INVOLVED IN PROMOTION OF E3STs IN SMIs

• Non-Government Organizations
• The Philippine Network of Small and Medium
  Enterprises (PhilSME)
• Member Organizations
• Small Enterprises Research and Development
  Foundations, Inc. (SERDEF)
• Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry
• Philippine Exporters Confederation, Inc.
  (PHILEXPORT)
• Philippine Chamber of Cooperatives (PCC)
• Philippine Business for Social Progress
  (PBSP)
• Federation of Filipino-Chinese Chamber of
  Commerce and
• Industry, Inc. (FFCCCII)

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AGENCIES INVOLVED IN PROMOTION OF E3STs IN SMIs

• PRIME (Private Sector Participation in Managing
  the Environment)
• Institute for Small-Scale Industries, University
  of the Philippines (UPISSI)
• APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training
  For Small and Medium Enterprises

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KEY ISSUES ON THE NEED TO PROMOTE E3ST IN SMIs

• Implementation of New Environmental Laws
• High Cost of Energy
• Inefficient Energy Use
• Market Pressure
• Corporate Policy/Customer Requirement

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Barriers To the Promotion of E3ST To SMIs

• Lack of E3ST Awareness
• Inadequate Training/Information Scheme
• Absence of Energy-Environmental Data base on SMIs
• Inadequate/Inconsistent Enforcement of Laws
• Resistance to Change
• Limited Access to Funding
• Reluctance to Invest in E3ST