Depth of Field

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Depth of Field

• Definition The distance range in sharp focus
• Begins at focus point
• Can be determined using depth of field scale

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Factors Affecting Depth of Field

• Aperture- larger aperture, smaller D. of F.
• Focal Length - longer F.L, smaller D. of F.
• Distance to Subject- shorter distance, smaller D.
  of F.

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Depth of Field/Shutter Speed

• You can not change aperture without changing
  shutter speed and vice versa if you want to keep
  the same exposure.

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F2, 1/125
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F5.6, 1/30
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F11, 1/8
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Light Direction

• Front
• Back
• Side
• Combination

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Front

• Frontal lighting
• Whether photographed in sunlight or light from a
  flash, light which directly hits your model in
  the face is by far the worst possible lighting
  situation. There are virtually no shadows at all
  and, on top of that, strong reflections are often
  an additional annoyance. There's no chance for a
  life-like, three-dimensional result. In other
  words, you should try to avoid motifs of this
  kind whenever possible.

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Top

• Top lighting
• If the light comes directly from above, it
  initially draws the observer's eye to the model's
  face. As the light decreases rapidly, the
  illumination drops off noticeably towards the
  floor. Unfortunately, this type of illumination
  causes dark shadows under the nose. There's no
  more glow in the eyes either. On the other hand,
  it would surely be worthwhile to play around with
  this illumination technique as an experiment. In
  order to reduce the shadows, you could use a
  reflecting screen from the front and, most
  importantly, from below.

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Back

• Back-lighting
• As with a shot taken in daylight, a back-lighting
  situation also causes photographers considerable
  difficulty. Except for intentional effects, this
  application is very difficult to keep under
  control. In particular, the lack of a focusing or
  pilot light turns the advance planning of the
  image effect into a guessing game. The
  back-lighting is intended to emphasize certain
  aspects of the object by surrounding them with a
  halo. On the other hand, it should not shine
  right into the lens, since reflections inside the
  lens system and on the aperture would otherwise
  result in pictures full of unattractive
  reflections.

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Side

• Side lighting, like that which streams in through
  a large window, always promises more life-like
  results. All surface structures clearly show dark
  shadows. If the light comes from the side and
  above, it's similar to the setting sun. However,
  the corresponding shadows are not always
  desirable, particularly in portrait shots. For
  this reason, photographers illuminate the shadow
  side a bit for somewhat more sophisticated
  portrait studies.

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Light Quality

• Direct
• Diffused

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Flash Problems

• Redeye

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Burn-out
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Fall-off
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Synch
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Flash Techniques

• Painting
• Strobe
• Bounce

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Final Tips

• Whats your focus?
• Close To You
• Action People
• The Shotgun Approach
• A Matter of Perspective
• Hurry up and wait